摘要
改革开放以来,中国慈善事业经历了从探索期、正名期、发展期到转型期的演进过程,并以慈善组织形态、参与主体和政策体系为典型标志。其中,组织形态呈现出从官办基金会出现、官方背景慈善会兴起、官民慈善组织共生到民间化演进;参与主体表现出从政府、海外、企业为主向大众化转型;政策体系体现出从限制发展、个案优待、有限支持到全面鼓励的特征演变。慈善事业的变迁是一个"合力"推动的结果:政治因素起决定作用;经济因素构成物质基础;社会因素为内生动力;文化传统影响深远;技术因素是重要推力。它们共同构成改革开放以来中国慈善事业发展与转型的动力机制。
Since the reform and opening up, China＇s philanthropy has experienced different stages： exploration; rectification; development and transition, characterized by different forms of charitable organizations, major stakeholders and policies. In terms of charitable organizations, they went through the following stages： government-run foundations which were emerged fi rst; government-linked charities; a coexistence of governmental and non-governmental charitable organizations; stronger non-governmental charitable organizations. The major players of charity also change from government, foreign resources and enterprise to the general public. Relevant policies witness different stages as well： policies that restrain charity; preferential policies for some charities; limited access to support; policies fully encourage the development of charity. The transformation of China＇s philanthropy is driven by a combination of forces： political factors as a decisive force; economic factors as a material basis; social factors as an endogenous impetus; cultures and traditions as elements of far-reaching impact; technologies as important impetus. The above factors justify the development and transformation of philanthropy since China＇ s reform and opening up.
作者
陈斌
Chen Bin(Geschwister Institute for Political Science,Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich,Munich 80539,German)
出处
《社会保障评论》
CSSCI
2018年第3期148-159,共12页
Chinese Social Security Review
关键词
改革开放
慈善事业
发展
转型
reform and opening up
philanthropy
development
transformation
