摘要
目的 分析我国4省份肉鸡规模化生产过程中沙门菌的污染状况和耐药特征。方法 采用方便抽样方法，于2012年在河南、江苏、黑龙江和山东进行肉鸡生产链沙门菌污染的基线调查，共设置238个采样点，共采集有效样品11 592份，其中孵化环节为2 090份，肉鸡养殖环节为1 421份，屠宰环节为5 610份，配送分销环节为2 471份。根据Kauffmann-White表对选择性增菌后分离培养菌株进行血清学鉴定；根据菌株信息和PFGE谱型，抽取其中部分沙门菌，应用微量肉汤稀释法检测分离菌株对10类14种抗生素的耐药情况。结果 孵化环节样品包括种鸡粪便、种蛋和鸡苗粪便3类样品，共检出沙门菌阳性样品114份（5.5%），共分离123株沙门菌。养殖环节样品包括养殖场环境粪便、外环境土壤、饲料和工人标本4类样品，共检出沙门菌阳性样品114份（8.0%），共分离114株沙门菌。屠宰环节共采集宰杀前活体、褪毛后整禽、预冷后整禽、预冷池水样、分割刀具案板、分割后冷冻鸡肉样品和工人标本7类样品，共检出沙门菌阳性样品1 395份（24.9%），共分离1 438株沙门菌。配送分销环节样品包括运输车、配送后肉鸡产品、市售肉鸡产品和工人标本4类样品，共检出沙门菌阳性样品517份（20.9%），共分离551株沙门菌。肉鸡生产全过程沙门菌的优势血清型均为肠炎沙门菌（1 229株）和印第安纳沙门菌（621株）。1 231株沙门菌中，耐受至少1种抗生素的菌株为1 197株（97.2%），耐受3类及以上抗生素的多重耐药菌株为860株（69.9%）。结论 规模化肉鸡生产全过程沙门菌污染严重；养殖场环境是污染的重要来源，屠宰过程存在交叉污染；分离菌株对常用抗生素耐药严重，多重耐药普遍。
Objective To determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella isolated from broiler production process in 4 provinces of China.Methods Using convenience sampling method, 238 sample sites from broiler whole production process were chosen in Henan, Jiangsu, Heilongjiang and Shandong provinces in 2012. A total of 11 592 samples were collected and detected to analyze prevalence baseline, including 2 090 samples from breeding chicken farms and hatcheries, 1 421 samples from broiler farms, 5 610 samples from slaughterhouses and 2 471 samples from distribution and retail stores. All Salmonella strains were isolated through selective enrichment, and were serotyped according to Kauffmann-White scheme. The antimicrobial susceptibilities of selected Salmonella strains were determined by the broth microdilution method and fourteen antimicrobial agents were examined.Results During incubation course, the average prevalence of Salmonella was 5.5% in feces of breeding hens, feces of chicks, and hatching eggs, 123 Salmonella strains were isolated. During cultivation course, the prevalence of Salmonella was 8.0% in feces from broiler farms, soil, feed, and workers, 114 Salmonella strains were isolated. During slaughter course, the prevalence of Salmonella was 24.9% in swabs pre-slaughter, dressed broiler carcasses, pre-cooled broiler carcasses, water from precooling pool, cutter and chipping boards, frozen chicken portions, and workers, 1 438 Salmonella strains were isolated. During distribution and sale course, the prevalence of Salmonella was 20.9% in transport carts, frozen chicken portions, retail chicken portions and workers, 551 Salmonella strains were isolated. The dominant Salmonella serotypes were Salmonella Enteritidis （n=1 229） and Salmonella Indiana （n=621）. Among 1 231 examined strains, 97.2% Salmonella isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial, 69.9% Salmonella strains were multi-drug resistant isolates.Conclusion Our findings indicated that Salmonella contamination was common and serious in commercial broiler whole production process in China, especially in the course of defeathering, precooling and selling. The environment of broiler farm is the important source of Salmonella contamination. Additionally, antibiotic resistance of Salmonella was serious for common antimicrobials and multi-drug resistant strains existed widespread, which can pose potential risk on public health and clinical therapy.
作者
李薇薇
白莉
张秀丽
遇晓杰
唐震
毕振旺
郭云昌
Li Weiwei, Bai Li, Zhang Xiuli, Xu Xiaojie, Tang Zhen, Bi Zhenwang, Guo Yunchang(Division of Risk Surveillance Ⅱ, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, Chin)
出处
《中华预防医学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第4期352-357,共6页
Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine
基金
“国家重点研发计划”食品安全关键技术研发专项（2017YFC1601503）
关键词
沙门菌属
抗药性
食品污染
肉鸡
Salmonella
Drug resistance
Food contamination
Broiler
