摘要
连年猛增的被迫迁徙人数,逐年爆发的难民危机浪潮,连同反全球化趋势中的极右翼势力抬头、极端民粹主义和恐怖主义活动席卷世界多个区域,引起全球范围对难民危机的关注与相关治理的探讨。除难民所面对的人道主义危机之外,难民问题的治理还需要克服与其他全球性问题相似的治理难题,即,危机的治理供给与需求严重不对称的问题。要为这个难题探索一种解法,首先需要挖掘的是,在全球性问题背景下治理最主要的供给行为体所面临的治理困境。本文将从主权国家与联合国难民署这两个治理主体入手,考察全球难民治理面临的两个层次的困境,一是治理主体二者分别面临的困境,包括针对主权国家的治理困境——传统主权观念的桎梏、国家能力的限制、国内政治与社会舆论的阻碍,以及针对联合国难民署的治理时间与道义原则间的冲突、相关组织间竞争的难题;二是难民署与主权国家在互动过程中,围绕授权与自主性之间业已存在的竞争与对抗。本文最后还将探讨主权国家与难民署在困境之中的合作实践经验与可能。
The increasing number of forced immigrants and the ongoing waves of refugee crises year after year,together with the rise of the extreme right-wing forces in anti-globalization trends,as well as the emergence of extreme populist and terrorist movements across the world,are attracting worldwide attention to refugee crises,with the relevant governance under discussion.In addition to the humanitarian crises faced by refugees,the governance of refugee issues also needs to overcome the governance challenge that is similar to other global problems,namely,the issue of seriously asymmetric supply and demand of crisis governance.To explore a solution to this problem,the first thing needed to be dug is the governance dilemmas faced by the most important supply actors in the context of global problems.This paper will start from the two governance actors,that is,sovereign states and the UNHCR,to explore the dilemmas of global refugee governance at the two levels,firstly,the dilemmas faced by the two governance actors,respectively,including the governance dilemmas associated with the state——the shackles of traditional ideas of sovereignty,the constraints of national capacity,the hindrance of domestic politics and public opinion,as well as the conflict between the governance time of the UNHCR and the moral principles,and the competition between relevant organizations;secondly,the existing competition and confrontation surrounding authorization and independence between the UNHCR and sovereign states in the process of interaction.Lastly,this paper will also explore the experience and the possibilities of cooperative practice between sovereign and the UNHCR in the dilemmas.
出处
《国际关系研究》
2017年第5期47-64,153-154,共18页
Journal of International Relations
基金
第59批中国博士后科学基金一等资助(项目编号:2016M590116)
2016年国家社科基金青年项目"国际难民制度研究"(项目批准号:16CGJ032)的阶段性成果
