摘要
高速公路风化岩石路堑边坡植被恢复工程中的植物生长、群落发育情况决定了坡面植被恢复的可持续性,以往的研究工作较少对这类植物群落的长期稳定性进行探讨。以中国山东省某高速公路风化岩石路堑边坡植被恢复工程为研究对象,自2001年实施植被恢复工程后的14 a时间里,通过在坡面设置的36个观测小区,分别从平面和竖向2个维度观测了坡面植物的生长和分布数据,并分析了植物群落的层间结构变化情况。结果表明:在植被恢复工程初期快速生长的外来植物能为本地植物提供短期的温湿环境,从而营造了风化岩石路堑边坡植被恢复的适生条件,而适生性更强的本地植物则决定了群落演替的最终方向,由外来植物向本地植物过渡是顺向演替的必然结果;恢复4 a后的本地灌木种成为主要的坡面物种,无论是植株高度、植株密度、单株覆盖度、层间分布,灌木均为植被结构中的主要构成部分,对坡面植被恢复的贡献作用最大,明显优于草本等低矮地被植物;基于植被覆盖率、草灌比和竖向恢复面积3个因子构建了群落稳定性指数的计算方法,为建立一种适用于坡面植被恢复工程中的群落稳定性评价方法提供了依据。
The vegetation growth and community development in vegetation restoration project on weathered rock cutting slope of expressway have determined the sustainability of slope vegetation restoration. Little research has been done on the long-term stability of plant communities. Thirty - six observation plots on a vegetation restoration project for a weathered rock cutting slope of expressway in Shandong Province, China are set, the data of plant growth and distribution on the slope are observed from the fiat and vertical dimensions since 2001 （for 14 years） , and the interlayer structural change of plant community is analyzed. The result shows that （1） the exotics plants fast growing on the slope could provide short-term warm and humid environment, the suitable conditions for the vegetation restoration of weathered rock cutting slopes are created, and the strong adaptable local plants could determine the final direction of community succession,the transition from exotic plants to local plants is the inevitable result of consequent succession ; （2） after 4 years restoration, the native shrub species become the main slope species, height, density, coverage and native shrub species become the main type over the low herbaceous plants, which contributes most to plant vegetation restoration; （3） a calculating method for community stability index is constructed based on 3 factors including vegetation coverage, grass-shrub ratio, and vertical restoration area, which provided a basis for the establishment of community stability evaluation of vegetation restoration project on rock slope.
出处
《公路交通科技》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第2期129-136,共8页
Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development
基金
山东省交通运输厅科技计划项目(2008Y001)
关键词
环境工程
群落稳定性
结构分析
路堑边坡
植被恢复
road engineering
community stability
structure analysis
cutting slope
vegetation restoration
