摘要
[目的]了解上海市中小学生因呼吸系统症状缺课现状,探索中小学生因呼吸系统症状缺课与大气污染物的关系。[方法]收集2013—2016年上海市中小学生因呼吸系统症状缺课数据、大气污染物数据和气温,描述因呼吸系统症状缺课现状。采用主成分分析,将大气污染物和气温指标重新组合为综合指标。采用多元线性回归方法分析大气污染物及气温主成分与因呼吸系统症状缺课率的关系。[结果]2013—2016年,因呼吸系统症状缺课累计667 978人日,因呼吸系统症状缺课率为0.71‰;冬季和春季学生因呼吸系统症状缺课率较高。通过主成分分析,第一、第二主成分特征值均>1,二者累积贡献率达84%,提取第一、第二主成分以综合反映大气污染物及气温指标。PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、SO_2、NO_2日均质量浓度每增加1μg/m^3,CO日均质量浓度每增加1 mg/m^3,中小学生因呼吸系统症状缺课率分别上升0.54‰、0.51‰、0.70‰、0.94‰和0.01‰。O_3日最大8 h均值每增加1μg/m^3,气温每增高1℃,中小学生因呼吸系统症状缺课率分别下降5.51‰和0.94‰。[结论]上海市中小学生因呼吸系统症状缺课率与大气污染物质量浓度、气温相关。
[ Objective ] To realize the prevalence of absenteeism caused by respiratory symptoms among Shanghai primary and middle school students, and investigate the relationships between the absenteeism and air pollutants. [ Methods ] Absenteeism, air pollutants, and temperature data from 2013 to 2016 in Shanghai were collected. The prevalence of absenteeism caused by respiratory symptoms was estimated. Principal component analysis was used for combining air pollutants and temperature into a comprehensive indicator. Multiple linear regression model was used to assess the relationships between absenteeism and selected air pollutants. [ Results ] Totally 667 978 person-days of absenteeism due to respiratory symptoms were recorded from 2013 to 2016, and the absenteeism rate was 0.71‰. The absenteeism rates in winter and spring were higher than the other seasons. As the eigenvalues of the first principal component and the second principal component were both greater than 1, their accumulated contribution rate reached 84%, and these two principal components were selected for the following multiple linear regression analysis. With every 1 μg/m3 increase of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, and NO2, and every 1 mg/m3 increase of CO, the absenteeism rate due to respiratory symptoms rose 0.54‰, 0.51‰, 0.70‰, 0.94‰, and 0.01‰ respectively. With every 1 μg/m3 increment of O3 daily maximum 8h concentration and every 1℃ increase of temperature, the absenteeism rate due to respiratory symptoms fell 5.51‰ and 0.94‰, respectively. [ Conclusion ] The absenteeism rate due to respiratory symptoms is correlated with levels of air pollutants and temperature in selected primary and middle school students in Shanghai.
出处
《环境与职业医学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第1期29-32,共4页
Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine
基金
上海市卫生和计划生育委员会科研课题资助项目(编号:20144Y0155)
关键词
中小学生
因病缺课
呼吸系统症状
大气污染物
primary and secondary school student
illness-induced absenteeism
respiratory symptom
outdoor air pollutant
