摘要
[目的]对兰州市甘蓝生产中的氮磷钾三要素与产量、养分吸收的关系进行研究,为该地区甘蓝科学栽培提供科学依据。[方法]以该区域主栽春茬品种"中甘21"为供试材料,设CK,NP,NK,PK,NPK 5个施肥处理。在甘蓝各生育阶段测量其生物量、养分含量,分析不同肥料配比对甘蓝各时期养分吸收速率、养分累积量以及最终产量的影响。[结果]"中甘21"的生物累积动态呈现S形曲线,生物量在苗期增加较小,结球后生长加快,至成熟期后生长速度减缓。氮肥对生物量的形成影响最大,其对甘蓝生物量的限制在整个生育期都存在,其次是钾肥和磷肥。不同肥料配比显著影响了甘蓝植株养分吸收速率和累积量。甘蓝对养分的吸收速率变化趋势一致,均表现为:结球—成熟>莲座—结球>苗期—莲座>移栽—苗期。同时氮、磷、钾的吸收累积量随着甘蓝生长不断提高,其中氮、磷素的累积在结球期后提高明显,钾素的累积在莲座期后开始提高。甘蓝氮、磷、钾含量随着植株的生长逐渐增加,同时累积量不断提高。[结论]不同氮磷钾肥料配比显著影响甘蓝的生物质量和产量以及养分利用率,其中氮肥的影响最大,其次是磷肥和钾肥。
[Objective]The purpose of the study was conducted to clarify the effect of fertilization on cabbage（Brassica oleracea L.）yield and N,P,and K nutrient absorption.We expected to provide scientific basis for fertilization reasonably in Lanzhou City.[Methods]A spring cabbage variety＂Zhonggan 21＂that is cultivated widely in Gansu Province was used as test material in this experiment.Field fertilization with CK（no fertilizer）,PK,NK,NP and NPK treatments was carried out in Lanzhou City,Gansu Province in 2013.Dry matters of the cabbage and contents of N,P_2O_5 and K_2O in it were examined respectively at each growth stage.The influences of different fertilizer combination treatments on N,P_2O_5 and K_2O contents and cabbage yield were analyzed,and the absorption rates of N,P and K at different growing stages were explored.[Results]The accumulated amount of dry matter of cabbage exhibited a＂S＂shaped line.The biomass wasrelatively low at seeding stage,and increased rapidly after cabbaged phase,but increased slowly and steadily at maturity stage.Nitrogen fertilizer was found having agreat influence on biomass at each stage.Phosphate and potash were found having less influences on it.It proved that different fertilizer treatments significantly affected the contents and absorption rates of N,P_2O_5 and K_2O.The results showed that the rates of absorption of N,P_2O_5 and K_2O gradually increased from seedling stage to maturity stage.It also promoted nutrient content.In particular,the N and P accumulations improved obviously at cabbage phase,but K accumulation appeared a great increase at rosette stage.[Conclusion]Ratios of N,P and K fertilizers could significantly affect cabbage biomass,nutrient content and accumulation,nutrition use efficiency and yield.The most important factor is nitrogen fertilizer,the second one is phosphate,the influence from potash is the lowest.
出处
《水土保持通报》
CSCD
2017年第6期80-84,91,共6页
Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
兰州市测土配方施肥补贴资金项目"高原夏菜甘蓝
花椰菜起垄覆膜种植模式水分利用效率研究"(甘农财[2010]179号)
关键词
甘蓝
氮
磷
钾
养分吸收
兰州市
Brassica oleracea L.
N
P
K
nutrition absorption
Lanzhou City
