摘要
为了使学校武术教育更符合各级学校的具体实际和一般青少年的具体实际,主要运用文献资料法、访问调查法、教学实验法等研究方法,研究了学校武术教育变革的历史轨迹,特别是剖析了学校武术教育存在的主要问题,展望了学校武术教育改革的未来方向。研究认为:20世纪初将武术纳入学校教育的初衷是"拯救文化,进而拯救民族",但在20世纪中叶发生了重大变革,即开展武术教育的着眼点由"铸就文化之脊,培育民族精神"转化为"锻炼身体,树立优美形象",由此导致了诸多问题;21世纪初国家层面又要求武术教育回归"培育民族精神"的原点,为完成该任务并解决存在的问题,武术界先后出现了3种典型的改革思想,这3种思想既有共同点,也存在一定的矛盾。如果将3种改革思想进行整合,分别应用于武术专业教育领域和普通教育领域,可理顺关系,解决矛盾。未来学校武术教育改革研究应该按照专业教育和普通教育2个方向,分别立足于传承发展独具特色的武术技术体系和培育"刚健自强"的民族精神而展开。
In order to make school Wushu education much better keep with the real conditions of schools at all levels and the practice of general young people, the paper studied the history of school Wushu education reform, especially analyzed the main problems of school Wushu education, and looked forward to the future direction of school Wushu education reform, by the methods of literature review, investigation, teaching experiment and others. Conclusions： The original intention of including Wushu into school at the beginning of 20th century was to ＂save the culture and then save the nation＂, but it was changed in mid-20th century, the focal point of carrying out Wushu education changed from ＂casting the ridge of culture and cultivating the national spirit＂ to ＂exercising the body and setting up a beautiful image＂, which had led to many problems. At the beginning of 21th century, the national level asked Wushu education to return to ＂cultivate the nation spirit＂, in order to finish this task and solve the problems, three typical reform ideas in Wushu were appeared with common ground and certain contradiction. If these three reform ideas were combined and applied in Wushu education and general education, and the problems could be solved. The future research of education reform of school Wushu education should be in two direetlons of professional education and general education, be established in the inheritance and development of unique Wushu technical system, and in the cultivation of national spirit of vigorous self-reliance respectively.
出处
《北京体育大学学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第7期125-131,共7页
Journal of Beijing Sport University
基金
国家社会科学基金项目(项目编号:14BTY072)
关键词
学校武术
武术教育
发展轨迹
“武”化
“文”化
民族精神
school Wushu
Wushu education
developmental track
martialization
culturalization
national spirit
