摘要
【目的】针对黄河上游水沙调控问题建立多目标模拟模型,确定黄河上游可调水量,为分析黄河上游梯级水库群的调水潜力、有效实施黄河上游水沙调控提供指导。【方法】考虑防凌防洪、供水、发电和冲沙输沙等目标,在已知来水、供水条件下,针对龙羊峡、刘家峡水库理想可调水量、实测可调水量、以水定电、兼顾发电的以水定电4种运行模式,建立黄河上游龙羊峡、刘家峡梯级水库联合调度模拟模型,采用自迭代模拟优化算法求解模型,确定黄河上游梯级水库群的可调水量。【结果】通过对各运行模式下可调水量、发电效率等调控目标的对比分析,可知理想可调水量模式下的可调水量满足兰州断面供水要求,但未达到龙羊峡水电站发电要求;实际可调水量运行模式下的发电与供水均未达到设计值;以水定电运行模式下,兰州断面的供水保证率均达到了设计值,龙羊峡电站的保证出力虽有所提高但并未达到设计值;兼顾发电的以水定电运行模式可以同时实现供水、发电目标。但是,考虑到黄河流域水资源短缺,供需矛盾加剧,流域梯级水电站的实际运行模式由设计初期的"以电定水"转变为"以水定电",应在优先满足流域供水要求的基础上再适当考虑发电效益。所以推荐采用以水定电模式下的可调水量,其多年累计调水量为159.22亿m3。【结论】以水定电模式下的黄河上游可调水量合理可行;黄河上游梯级水库群具有较强的调水调沙潜力,来年补水量小于40亿m3时,平均3年可以进行1次调水调沙,在特丰年份可进行1~2次调水调沙。
【Objective】Aiming in solving the water and sediment regulation problem in the upper reaches of the Yellow River,a multi-purpose model was established to determine the transferable water to provide guidance for the analysis of water transfer potential and effective water and sediment regulation.【Method】Considering ice flood control,water supply,power generation and sediment transport,a model for joint operation of Longyangxia and Liujiaxia cascade reservoirs in the upper reaches of the Yellow River was established based on 4operation modes including ideal transferable water mode,measured transferable water mode,water to power mode,and the power generation combined mode.Then,the self-iteration simulation and optimization algorithm were used to solve the model.【Result】According to comparative analysis of the transferable water,power generation efficiency and adjustment objective in each operation mode,the transferable water of ideal mode met the supply requirement of Lanzhou section,but did not meet the power generation requirement of Longyangxia.The two designed values were not reached under the measured operation mode.In the water to power operation mode,the water supply rate of Lanzhou section reached the designed value,but the power output of Longyangxia did not reach the design value although it was improved.The goals of power generation and water supply were both achieved by the power generation combination mode.However,considering the shortage of water resources and the growing contradiction between supply and demand in the Yellow River basin,the practical operation mode of cascade hydropower has been changed from the initial design of"power to water"to"water to power",which gave priority to water supply over power generation.Therefore,the transferable water of"water to power"operation mode was recommended with the cumulative value for many years of 1.59×1010 m3.【Conclusion】The transferable water with the"water to power"operation mode is reasonable.The cascade reservoirs in the upper reaches of the Yellow River have strong potential for water and sediment regulation.When the supply water quantity is below 4×109 m3,the regulation can be done once every three years,and in abundant years it can be done 1or 2times per year.
作者
麻蓉
白涛
武连洲
马川惠
MA Rong;BAI Tao;WU Lianzhou;MA Chuanhui(State Key Lab Cultivation Base of Northwest Arid Ecology and Hydraulic Engineering,Xi'an University of Technology Instituteof Water Resources and Hydro-electric Engineering,Xi'an,Shaanxi 710048,China)
出处
《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第8期147-156,共10页
Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51409210,91325201)
水利公益性行业科研专项(201501058)
陕西省水利科研计划项目(2016slkj-8,2017slkj-16)
西安理工大学科研项目(2016ZZKT-15)
关键词
黄河上游
可调水量
多目标模拟模型
以水定电模式
调水调沙潜力
the upper reaches of the Yellow River
transferable water
multi-purpose model
water to power mode
water and sediment regulation potentialities
