摘要
【目的】松材线虫是我国一种重要的检疫性外来入侵物种,给我国林业造成巨大的经济损失。近年来在松材线虫疫区的调查发现,一些年平均温度8℃左右的高海拔地区也开始有松材线虫病的发生,说明其分布线可能开始向北和高海拔地区移动。因此,在松材线虫低温适应性驯化环境下,对松材线虫在我国的最新风险分布区进行了预测。【方法】将松材线虫分为长期(30 d)暴露和短期(24 h)暴露2组进行低温(3、1、0、-1、-3、-5、-6、-7、-9、-12℃)暴露实验,得出致死温度LT50、LT75和LT99。利用CLIMEX 1.0适生性分析软件与Arc GIS 10.2地理信息系统软件以LT50、LT75和LT99为界限划分风险分布区。利用CLIMEX软件导入新的温度数据对松材线虫进行适生性分析,将结果导入Arc GIS中,进行IDW插值,以EI值划分松材线虫风险分布区。对有无低温胁迫及不同低温胁迫时间下的中度风险分布北线的变化趋势进行分析。【结果】松材线虫长期冷胁迫(30 d)条件下的中度风险分布区界线比短期冷胁迫(24 h)条件下和无胁迫条件下(以EI值划分)的中度风险分布区界线明显靠北。【结论】随着低温胁迫时间的延长,松材线虫分布区有向北扩散的趋势,即产生一定的低温适应性进化。
[Aim] Bursaphelenchus xylophilus （pine wood nematode） is an important invasive species, causing huge economic losses to China. According to a recent survey of B. xylophilus in the country, pine wilt disease occurred in high altitude where mean annual temperature is around 8℃. This suggests that its range probably moved to north and high altitude area. In this paper, we discuss the potential distribution of B. xylophilus in the situation of adaptation cold conditions.[Method] The experiment included two treatments where nematodes were exposed to low temperatures （3, 1, 0, -1, -3, -5, -6, -7, -9, -12℃） for 24 h （short） or 30 d （long） periods. The lethal temperature （LT50, LT75, LT99） was then measured. The potential distribution of B. xylophilus was built using CLIMEX and ArcGIS and based on LT50, LT75, LT99 results. CLIMEX was used to analyze the adaptive capacity of B. xylophilus and the results were integrated into ArcGIS to calculate the inverse weighted distance, based on EI （ecological index） value. The trend of the Northern Line of pine wood nematode distribution at moderate risk with or without low temperature stress was analyzed.[Result] Considering the long-term （30 d） cold stress conditions, the distribution is significantly farther north than under short-term （24 h） cold stress and non-stress （based on EI value） conditions.[Conclusion] The potential distribution of the pine wood nematode can move northward over time under low temperature stress, suggesting pine wood nematode capacity to adapt to cold conditions.
出处
《生物安全学报》
2017年第3期191-198,共8页
Journal of biosafety
基金
中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2016ZCQ07)
林业公益性行业科研专项(201504304)
