摘要
基于中国私营企业调查历年数据,试图回答"私营企业主的社会构成"这一经典命题。经过近40年的发展,私营企业主的总体构成已发生重大变化,有市场背景、受过高等教育、非政治党派的构成在上升。通过将私营企业主的职业流动进一步划分成"下海"、"改制"、"跨界"、"跳板"、"草根"等类型,发现大、中、小三种类型的企业主在创业前的职业流动存在显著差异,尤其是大企业主更有可能来自体制内下海或改制,而中小企业主以体制外成长为主。多元回归和系数集束化分析表明,教育程度与政治身份在阶层地位和同期群方面对企业主职业流动产生不同的影响。
We use several years of survey data on private enterprises in China to examine the much-discussed topic of the'social composition of proprietors of private enterprises.'Nearly four decades of development have seen great changes in the overall make up of private entrepreneurs,with an increasing proportion having market experience and higher education qualifications and not being party members.Dividing the occupational transition of private entrepreneurs into'swapping public positions for the business world,''changes in workplace classification,''crossing boundaries,''springboards'and'grassroots,'the survey found significant variations in the occupational transitions of proprietors of large,medium and small businesses prior to launching their enterprises.This is especially true of the proprietors of large enterprises,who are more likely to have moved to the private sector from public sector positions or arrived there via a change in the status of their institutions.Owners of small and medium enterprises,on the other hand,tend to have developed outside the public sector.Multiple regression and coefficient cluster analysis show that educational background and political identity influence the occupational transition of business owners in terms of social class and cohort.
出处
《中国社会科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第7期70-87,共18页
Social Sciences in China
