摘要
铬(Chromium,Cr)是过渡金属元素,在自然界中以六价[CrO_4^(2-),Cr_2O_7^(2-),Cr(Ⅵ)]和三价[Cr(OH)_3,Cr(Ⅲ)]为主。很多微生物在长期铬胁迫的条件下,进化出了一系列铬转化和抗性机制。微生物对铬的转化包括Cr(Ⅵ)的还原和Cr(Ⅲ)的氧化。微生物的Cr(Ⅵ)还原可以将毒性强的六价铬转化为毒性弱或无毒的三价铬,这类微生物有较强的土壤和水体铬污染治理潜力。Cr(Ⅲ)的氧化也在铬的生物地球化学循环过程中起着至关重要的作用。除了Cr(Ⅵ)的还原,微生物对铬的抗性机制还有:(1)减少摄入;(2)外排;(3)清除胞内氧化压力;(4)DNA修复。本文主要介绍微生物的铬转化和抗性机制,以及其在铬污染生物修复中应用的最新研究进展。
Chromium is a transitional metal mainly existing as hexavalent [CrO42-, Cr2072-, Cr(Ⅵ)] and trivalent [Cr(OH)3, Cr(Ⅲ)] forms in the natural environment. Several microorganisms have evolved various transformation and resistant mechanisms for chromium detoxification to resist the poisonous chromium. Microbial chromium-transformation contain Cr(Ⅵ) reduction and Cr(Ⅲ) oxidation. Chromate-reducing microbes can transform high toxic Cr(Ⅵ) to low or non-toxic Cr(Ⅲ). These microbes show a big potential to bioremediate chromium-contaminated soil and water. In addition, various microbes have been reported to participate in Cr(Ⅲ) oxidation. These microorganisms play a key role in the chromium transformation and biogeochemical cycle. So far, four microbial chromium-resistant mechanisms have been found including: (1) reducing the uptake of Cr(Ⅵ); (2) Cr(Ⅵ) efflux; (3) removing intracellular oxidative stress; and (4) DNA repair. This review mainly focuses on summarizing the molecular mechanisms and new research progress in chromate transformation and bioremediation of chromium contamination by microorganisms.
出处
《微生物学通报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第7期1668-1675,共8页
Microbiology China
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(No.2016YFD0800702)~~
关键词
铬
铬酸盐
铬抗性
铬还原细菌
铬污染
生物修复
Chromium, Chromate, Chromium resistance, Chromate-reducing bacteria, Chromium contamination, Bioremediation