摘要
在内蒙古学者整理出版的土默特地区契约文书中,有45件是以水权交易为主要内容,其中展示了清乾隆以来直至民国初期当地普遍的水权交易行为。受清代国家政策的制约,蒙古土地和水是不允许买卖的,蒙民通过私契的形式,采用租、典、佃的方式将水权转让给自内地移入的汉民使用,完成对水权的交易。就本质而言,将水从土地上分离出来进行单独交易,晋陕两省自明万历以来就已经出现。蒙地自乾隆五十六年(1791)开始出现的水权交易契约文书,与山西介休乾隆三十四年(1769)买卖水权的官契内容一致,显示了区域之间的内在联系,可视为内地水权观念在蒙地的一种移植。从以土地为中心到以水为中心,凸显了明清以来北方区域社会日益强烈的水权观念,是理解乡土中国社会经济变迁的一条新路径。
In the contract documents from the Tumote area,there are 45 documents whose main contents are related to trade of water rights,which were widespread and active in this area from the Qianlong period to the early Republican era.Restricted by the state policy of the Qing dynasty,trades of field and water were not allowed in Mongol,so Mongols transferred the water rights to Han immigrants in this area in various ways such as renting,pawning,subcontracting,and their trades of water rights were fulfilled in the form of private contracts.The practice of separating water from field to be traded appeared in Shanxi and Shannxi as early as in Wanli Reign of the Ming dynasty.The trading documents related to water rights that appeared in Inner Mongol as early as in 1791 were similar to the official contracts of water rights in Shanxi in 1769.This fact shows the internal linkage among regions and can be perceived as the transplant of the conception of water rights in Han area to Mongol area.
出处
《近代史研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第3期83-94,共12页
Modern Chinese History Studies
基金
国家社科基金项目"16世纪以来汾河流域的水利宗族与乡村社会"(13CZS058)的阶段性研究成果
教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划
山西省中青年拔尖创新人才项目
山西省学术技术带头人项目的支持
