摘要
对烟碱类农药在水体中残留情况及对水生生物产生的直接和间接影响的研究进行了综述。重点对水生脊椎类动物(鱼类、两栖类)及非脊椎类动物(蜉蝣、大型蚤)的急性和慢性毒性,及通过生物群落、食物链因素对鱼类种群层面的间接影响研究进行了总结,认为烟碱类农药对于水生脊椎类生物的急性毒性远小于非脊椎类生物,同时在低浓度下其对水生生物具有长期的慢性毒性和影响。通过对已有研究数据的分析,讨论了烟碱类农药在风险评价过程中的间接影响效应,指出通过食物链富集及传递作用,烟碱类农药对于非靶标生物的群落和种群数量具有重要的影响。
The research on the contents of neonicotinoid residues in water and their direct and indirect effects on aquatic organisms are reviewed. The acute and chronic toxicity of neonicotinoids to aquatic vertebrates （fish and amphibians） and invertebrates （mayfly and Daphnia magna） is described, as well as the indirect effects on fish through the variations of biotic communities and food chains. It is concluded that the acute toxicity of neonicotinoids to aquatic vertebrates is significantly lower than the toxicity to invertebrates. Chronic toxicity and long-term effects on aquatic organisms exist at low concentrations of neonicotinoids. The indirect effects of neonieotinoids in risk as- sessment are discussed. It is pointed out that neonieotinoids significantly affect the community and population of non-target organisms through the accumulation and transfer functions of food chains.
出处
《河海大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第2期122-128,共7页
Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences)
基金
国家自然科学基金(51308183)
教育部博士点基金(20130094120009)
江苏省自然科学基金(BK20130828)
关键词
烟碱类农药
急性毒性
慢性毒性
间接影响
风险评价
生态效应
neonicotinoids
acute toxicity
chronic toxicity
indirect effect
risk assessment
ecological effect
