摘要
二战后,由于意识形态与共产主义的尖锐对立,美国国会颁布了一系列反共法案,旨在清除公共系统中的共产主义者。政治的影响逐渐渗透到社会生活的各个领域,高等教育领域也未能幸免。1950年的拉铁摩尔案揭开了政治对学术自由进行迫害的先例,"麦卡锡主义"一词由此产生,并成为政治力量对学术自由加以侵害的代名词。20世纪50年代,麦卡锡主义对学术自由的迫害达到高潮,反映出学术自由在美国没有明确且具体的法律保障,难以真正制度化。因此,对学术自由的内涵进行法律上的界定,成为美国联邦法院及州法院在处理此类案件时必须作出的选择。
After the Second World War,due to sharp confrontation with communism,the United States Congress enacted a series of anti-communist legislations to eliminate the communists from the public bodies. Political influence has gradually penetrated into all fields of social life and the field of higher education wasn＇t spared either. The 1950 Lattimore case opened the precedent of political persecution of academic freedom,resulted in the word＂Mc Carthyism＂which became the synonym for political forces to infringe academic freedom. In 1950 s,the persecution of academic freedom by Mc Carthyism reached a peak,reflecting that the academic freedom in the United States has no clear and specific legal guarantees,thus making it difficult to really be institutionalized. Therefore,defining the contents of academic freedom in the law became the essential choice for the United States federal and state courts in dealing with such issues.
出处
《浙江树人大学学报》
2016年第5期106-110,共5页
Journal of Zhejiang Shuren University
关键词
学术自由
宪法权利
宪法判例
麦卡锡主义
academic freedom
constitutional rights
constitutional jurisprudence
McCarthyism
