摘要
碳纤维环氧复合材料是目前航空领域中应用最为广泛的结构材料之一,但其本身具有可燃性,一旦起火,会严重危及飞机结构安全。建立碳纤维环氧复合材料火灾评价体系,以层次分析法为基础,结合锥形量热仪试验数据对3种典型的碳纤维环氧复合材料的火灾危险性进行了综合评价。通过理论分析和试验测试得到FGI(火势增长指数)、THRI_(4min)(放热指数)、TSPI_(4min)(发烟指数)和ToxPI_(4min)(毒性气体生成速率指数)4个火灾危险性评价指数,能够很好地量化典型碳纤维环氧复合材料的火灾危险性,FGI能更好地辨识碳纤维环氧复合材料的火灾危险性。结果表明,双向碳纤维布和单向碳纤维预浸料的火灾危险性接近,表明织造方式的不同对火灾危险性影响很小,而碳纤维夹层板的火灾危险性相对较大。轻型飞机仪表箱部位相对于仪表板和机身框,火灾危险性较大,对此部位的防火应提出更高的要求。
The present paper is aimed at presenting a comprehensive evaluation of the fire risks commonly faced by using the typical epoxy resin/carbon fiber composites and ways to prevent such risks. As a matter of fact,the uni-directional carbon fiber prepreg,the carbon fiber bi-directional sheet and the carbon fiber sandwich plate tend to be the three typical epoxy resin/carbon fiber composites,which can usually be evaluated comprehensively in combination with the testing data gained by using a Cone Calorimeter. As is well known,the flammability of the said three typical epoxy resin/carbon fiber composites are prone to serious damage of the framework of the aircraft in the air-crush fire. It is just from the need to provide necessary and timely evaluation results of the fire disasters caused by the epoxy resin/carbon fiber compounds that we have worked out a 4fire-risk assessment index system of FGI（ fire growth index）,the THRI_（4min）（ the heat release index）,the TSPI_（4min）rate index（ the smoke producing rate） and the Tox PI_（4min）index（ the toxic gas producing rate index） through a theoretical analysis and the experiments concerned in hoping to make a quantitative analysis of the said fire risks of fiber compounds effectively and better identify such risks with the FGI value. Thus,the actual evaluation results we have gained from our quantitative and qualitative experiments show that the fire risk of the uni-directional carbon fiber prepreg tends to be close to the carbon fiber bi-directional sheet, which indicates little effect of the weaving method on the said fire risks. Nevertheless,the fire risks of the carbon fiber sandwich plate tending to be caused by such fires proves to be quite great. In addition,the fire risks of the instrument boxes of the light aircraft to be suffered should be likely the heaviest,and,in turn,the fire protection of this part of the aircraft should be emphasized with much greater demands. Therefore,it should be pointed out that the results of the fire disaster for the light aircraft can well be coincident through a comparative analysis of the experimental results with the cone calorimetry tests. Hence,it implies that it would be possible to establish a multi-indexes system to apply the AHP method to determine the weights of the indexes in combination with the experimental analyses,which can make a relative efficiency of the comprehensive evaluation for the typical epoxy resin/carbon fiber composites.
出处
《安全与环境学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第5期62-66,共5页
Journal of Safety and Environment
基金
辽宁省科学事业公益研究基金项目(GY2014-C-005)
