摘要
目的调查2013—2014年中国部分地区4种常见饲料原料的真菌污染状况。方法从中国部分地区有代表性的饲料生产企业采集豆粕、棉籽粕、麦麸和玉米干酒糟及其可溶物(distillers dried grains with soluble,DDGS)4种饲料原料共计795份,分别参照GB 4789.15—2010《食品微生物学检验霉菌和酵母计数》和GB/T4789.16—2003《食品微生物学检验常见产毒霉菌的鉴定》进行真菌计数和真菌的分离及鉴定。结果共检出25属54种真菌,曲霉属、青霉属和镰刀菌属是饲料原料常见污染真菌。麦麸真菌污染最为严重,四季的真菌检出率均大于84.9%,超过饲用限量标准的样品比例达20.8%。棉籽粕和DDGS的真菌检出率和污染水平相对较低,超过饲用限量标准的样品比例分别为0.9%和1.4%。黄曲霉和串珠镰刀菌的污染存在原料种类、季节和地域差异,麦麸中黄曲霉在四季和全国的检出率均较高,以秋、冬两季和华中地区最高;豆粕中串珠镰刀菌在秋冬两季和华北地区的检出率较高。DDGS中黄曲霉的检出率很低,但串珠镰刀菌的检出率较高,以秋季和华中地区样品中串珠镰刀菌检出率最高,分别达40.4%和50.0%。结论中国饲料原料普遍受到真菌污染,加强夏秋两季、华北和华中地区饲料原料的真菌污染监测是保证饲料原料质量的重要措施。
Objective To survey the fungi contamination of four kinds of feed ingredients in 2013- 2014 from parts of China. Methods A total of 795 feed ingredients including soybean meal,cottonseed meal,wheat bran and distillers dried grains with soluble（ DDGS） were collected from representative enterprises in different parts of China.Food safety national standards GB 4789. 15—2010 microbiological examination of food hygiene enumeration of molds and yeast and GB / T 4789. 16—2003 was used to enumerate,isolate and identify fungi,respectively. Results A total of 25 genus 54species kinds of fungi were isolated and the fungi from Aspergillus,Penicillium,Fusarium were the common contamination fungi in feed ingredients. Wheat bran was the most serious contaminated feed ingredients by fungi, and the detection rate of fungi contamination in four seasons were all greater than 84. 9%,and the exceeding feed limit rate was amount to 20. 8%. The fungi detection rate and contamination level were relatively lower in cottonseed meal and soybean meal,and the exceeding feed limit rate was 0. 9% and 1. 4%,respectively. There were types of feed ingredients,seasonal and regional differences for Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium moniliforme contamination. The detection rate of Aspergillus flavus in wheat bran was higher in four seasons and all surveyed areas,and autumn and winter and huazhong district were with the highest contamination level. The detection rate of Fusarium moniliforme for soybean meal in autumn and winter and huabei district was higher than others. The detection rate of Aspergillus flavus for DDGS was very low,but the detection rate of Fusarium moniliforme was higher,especially for autumn and huazhong district,the detection rate was 40. 4%and 50. 0%,respectively. Conclusion The feed ingredients from China were commonly contaminated by fungi. It is recommended that strengthening the fungi contamination monitoring of feed ingredients from summer and autumn,huabei and huazhong district was an important prevention method.
出处
《卫生研究》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第5期766-770,776,共6页
Journal of Hygiene Research
基金
科技基础性工作专项(No.2013FY113400)
国家自然科学基金(No.31301489)
关键词
真菌
饲料原料
污染
季节
调查
fungi
feed ingredients
contamination
season
survey
