摘要
本文分别比较了城市和农村流动人口与非流动人口的政治态度差异，同时考察了不同时期人口流动对城乡流动居民政治态度影响的差异。研究发现：第一，人口流动之于城乡户籍居民的政治态度呈现背反的影响态势：人口流动对农村户籍居民的政治态度具有消极作用，相比于农村非流动居民，农村流动居民具有更低的政府信任程度、社会公平感和制度化政治参与水平；恰槲日反，人口流动（指从乡村到城市的移民经历）对城市户籍居民的政治态度具有积极作用，相比于城市非流动居民，城市移民具有更高的政府信任程度、外在政治效能感、社会公平感、制度化政治参与水平以及更低的社会冲突感。人口流动之于城乡居民政治态度的背反效应，可能跟流动人口习得的“城市性”与保留的“农村性”有关。第二，不同时期人口流动对城乡流动居民政治态度的影响也表现出背反效应：相比于在改革开放之前（1949～1978年）流动的农村户籍居民，在市场经济时代（1993～2010年）流动的农村居民拥有更加积极乐观的政治态度；相反，相比于改革开放之前（1949～1978年）移民的城市居民，改革开放期间（1979～1992年）与市场经济时代（1993～2010年）移民的城市居民均拥有更加消极悲观的政治态度。
This article conducts a comparative research on political attitudes of migrants and non-migrant, local residents in rural and urban areas, and on the influences of migration on the political attitudes of migrants inhabited in both rural and urban areas. The results show a complete opposite effect of migration experienceon political attitudes of rural and urban residents in China. On the one hand, migration experience is found to negatively influence the political attitudes of rural residents. Compared to non-migrant rural residents, rural migrants tend to show a lower level of government trust, of the sense of social equity and of political participation. With regard to urban residents, on the other hand, the impact of migration on their political attitudes is opposite to what is found for rural residents. This means compared to non-migrant urban residents, urban migrants tend to show a higher level of trust in government, of the sense of social equity and external political efficacy, and of participation in institutionalized political activities; they also tend to show a lower level of expectation for social conflicts. This result is titled 'the reverse effect' in the research. Moreover, the study finds opposite effects of migration experience on the political attitudes of urban and rural migrants in different stages. Compared to rural residents with migration experience before the reform started(1949-1978), rural residents that migrate in the period after the development of market economy(1993-2010) appear to have more positive political attitudes; on the contrary, urban residents that migrate either in the reform period(1979-1992) or in the period thereafter(1993-2010) are found to have more negative political attitudes, compared to urban residents with migration experience in the period before the reform took place(1949-1978).
出处
《中国农村观察》
CSSCI
北大核心
2016年第5期22-36,94-95,共15页
China Rural Survey
