摘要
本研究采用2×3被试内设计,通过操纵不同性质信息的反馈比例和反馈顺序,重点考察了反馈顺序对决策信心动态建构的影响。结果表明:(1)在不同反馈比例条件下,当个体接收到的正性反馈多于负性反馈时,个体的决策信心上升,反之则下降;当个体接收到的正性反馈等于负性反馈时,个体的决策信心下降,表现出"负性偏向";(2)"先扬后抑"与"先抑后扬"的信息反馈顺序对决策信心的动态建构产生了不同影响,表现出类似于"近因效应"的现象,"惊讶假设(surprise hypothesis)"可为此提供解释。本研究表明,在决策信心的动态建构过程中,信息的反馈顺序发挥着重要作用。
Decision confidence is a person’s strength of belief about the optimization or correctness of a prediction, judgment, or choice. It provides a graded scale which allows us to translate internal convictions into suitable actions in the physical world. Previously, many studies were done based on the single assessment of decision confidence, but it is known to all that an individual’s confidence is constructed in a dynamic way. According to the Two-Stage Dynamic Signal Detection Model（2DSD）, the confidence rating is a function of the information collected at the time of the choice plus the information collected after making a choice. From this point of view, feedback information is vital to the dynamic construction of decision confidence after a decision was made. Several studies have indicated that an individual’s confidence rating will increase after receiving supportive feedback information, and an individual’s confidence rating will decrease after receiving opposed feedback information. However, it is still inconclusive how the presentation order of feedback influenced the dynamic construction of decision confidence when different types of feedback were presented successively. In the present study, sensory discrimination task was used to probe into this issue.With a modification of the experiment paradigm used previously, we investigated the effect of the feedback presentation order in the dynamic construction of decision confidence. 62 healthy right-handed undergraduate subjects free of ophthalmic diseases（mean age, 20.90 years; 33 females） were recruited. The dynamic visual stimuli were generated and presented at a bit rate of 800 kbps by using the FLASH 8.0. There were many small circles inside of a bigger one, and every small circle contained a red rotating ball. The ball might rotate clockwise or anticlockwise. The participants were asked to point out the rotating direction of the majority of red balls as soon as possible, feedback information was then presented to the participants. After receiving the feedback information, the participants rated their confidence on a scale from 1（very uncertainty） to 7（certain） of their success in the next trial. We treated four trials as a unit and tried to collect the corresponding confidence rating. We manipulated the presentation order and proportion of feedback information. The proportion of the supportive and opposing feedback information could be classified into three groups： 1：3, 2：2, and 3：1. The presentation order could be divided into two classes： ‘opposition after support’ or ‘support after opposition’.The results showed that：（1）An individual’s confidence increased when the number of supportive feedbacks exceeded opposing feedbacks, and vice versa. Due to the effect of negativity bias, an individual’s confidence decreased when the number of opposing feedbacks equaled supportive feedbacks;（2） Different presentation order of feedback resulted in diverse impacts on the dynamic construction of decision confidence. The surprise hypothesis could explain this interesting phenomenon.In conclusion, our study revealed that the properties of feedback information, the quantity of feedback information and the presentation order of feedback information can interact to influence the dynamic nature of decision confidence. The feedback information that presented to an individual in the latter order has a greater impact on the individual’s decision confidence. These findings can not only enrich the theory of decision confidence, but also help us have a better understanding of education and business management.
出处
《心理科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第3期686-692,共7页
Journal of Psychological Science
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(31271117
31571128)
中央高校基本科研业务经费创新团队项目(SWU1509392)
重庆市前沿与应用基础研究计划一般项目(cstc2015jcyj A10127)的资助
关键词
反馈性质
反馈顺序
决策信心
动态建构
feedback valence
presentation order
decision confidence
dynamic construction
