摘要
自我相关未来思考是个体产生自我相关未来想法的心理加工,它包括未来情景思考和未来个人语义思考两种基本类型。两类思考都需记忆、自我和主观时间三种主要心理成分参与,但参与的具体形式可能有所不同:未来情景思考可能主要依赖于情景记忆和语义记忆、情景自我知识和语义自我知识、经验时间;未来个人语义思考可能主要依赖于语义记忆、语义自我知识和知道时间。三种主要心理成分在两种思考类型中的作用可能是相同的,其中,记忆是原材料,自我起引导作用,主观时间是先决条件。将来可以参照思考未来公众抽象问题的研究进一步明确自我和记忆在未来个人语义思考中的作用,还可以通过探究不同心理成分内部及成分间的交互作用进而了解各成分在自我相关未来思考中的作用机制。
Self-related future thinking is the psychological process that people think about their personal future. This ability is one of the most remarkable evolutionary achievements. Based on the traditional classification of episodic memory and semantic memory, some researchers classified self-related memory into two categories： episodic memory and personal semantic memory. Taking this previous typology as the reference and considering the characteristics of its content as well（such as the level of detail/abstraction, the vulnerability to interference resulting in transformation of information）, we can divide self-rated future thinking into two basic types： the episodic future thinking（EFT） and the personal semantic future thinking. EFT is the psychological process which projects someone into thinking and experiencing future episodic event in advance. Personal semantic future thinking concerns knowledge of one’s future, resembling a ‘skeleton future’ that includes two types： the future self representation and the gist representation of self-related future events. The major difference between the two basic types is that while episodic future thinking entails imagining a unique event within a specific spatial-temporal context, imbued with a sense of the self mentally traveling through time to pre-experience the event, personal semantic future thinking is devoid of any subjective sense of imagination and detached from its context of acquisition but still highly personal.Some researchers have addressed three of the key ‘players’ in self-related future thinking： memory, self, and subjective time, and it was also supported by empirical research. From a general perspective in terms of the two basic types, both episodic future thinking and personal semantic future thinking need the functions of the three key psychological components. From a specific perspective, episodic future thinking and personal semantic future thinking differ from one another in terms of their own characteristics, and each of these three key psychological components contains different subtypes（for instance the memory system can be divided into episodic memory and semantic memory, the self includes semantic self-knowledge and episodic self-knowledge, and the subjective time contains lived time and known time）. And those subtypes are also relatively independent in function. So the two basic types may depend on the three key psychological components variously： Episodic future thinking may depend on episodic memory and semantic memory, episodic and semantic self-knowledge and lived time, while personal semantic future thinking may rest upon semantic memory, semantic self-knowledge and known time. This conclusion is derived from existing empirical studies.Although the subtypes of memory, self and subjective time in two types of self-related future thinking may be different, the function of the three key psychological components in two basic types may be the same： Memory serves as raw materials for self-related future thinking, self may play a role as a guide, and subjective time is a prerequisite. In future research, with the help of research on thinking about abstract future public issues, the functions of self and memory in personal semantic future thinking will be more certain, and the process of how different components and its subtypes contribute to self-related future thinking will be better clarified by figuring out how different components interact with each other.
出处
《心理科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第3期593-599,共7页
Journal of Psychological Science
基金
重庆市人文社会科学重点研究基地项目"未来思考的心理机制及其应用研究"(14SKB008)的资助
关键词
自我相关未来思考
未来情景思考
未来个人语义思考
记忆
自我
主观时间
self-related future thinking
episodic future thinking
personal semantic future thinking
memory
self
subjective time
