摘要
疼痛的威胁警示与趋近救助冲突近来受到研究者的关注。本研究结合点探测范式与眼动技术,以疼痛面孔和中性面孔为实验材料,探讨共情在疼痛功能冲突中所扮演的角色。我们收集了33名被试的有效眼动数据,结果发现,与中性面孔相比,被试对疼痛面孔图片的早期注意定向更快(首次注视到达时间更短)、晚期注意维持更长(注视次数更多、总注视持续时间更长);与低共情组相比,高共情组被试对面孔的总注视持续时间更长,分组分析显示只有高共情组对疼痛面孔的总注视持续时间比中性面孔长。结果表明,被试存在疼痛面孔注意偏向,被试的共情水平可能作为一个调节变量影响其在注意维持阶段对疼痛威胁的知觉。
The pain function paradox has aroused researcher’s attention. Pain itself not only is an unpleasant emotional experience for the individuals, which signals a potential threat in the environment and urges observers to escape the source of pain, but it also signals that someone needs help. The evolutionarily primitive reaction to pain, i.e., the avoidance from the threat or source of pain, seems to conflict with the emergence of empathic concern. In our view, the paradox may have two reasons, one is that researchers observe it at one time point, because we only collect subject’s reaction time, it’s not a very sensitive index; the other one is that researchers ignore personality variables（such as empathy）, and many studies have found that it is very important for emotion and recognition. Empathy for pain is a hot topic in the field of social cognition. However, few studies investigate the pain function paradox and the relationship between the observer’s empathy and the attention to the pain as reflected in facial expression.Method： Current methodology does not permit assessment of continuous attentional processes, and it does not allow distinction between initial attentional allocation and subsequent maintenance of attention to stimuli, although this distinction is theoretically and clinically important. Eyetracking technology provides an intuitive and ecologically valid method to directly examine attentional processes over time. It can help us to solve these issues. This research attempts to combine the visual dot-probe paradigm and eye movement technology to explore the relationship between the observer’s empathy and the attention to the facial pain expression. The present study uses pain facial picture and neutral facial picture as experimental material. Some researchers have found that observer’s pain-related catastrophizing thoughts and personal pain experience may affect the experimental effect, so we controlled the observer’s pain catastrophizing thoughts and personal pain experience as possible covariates. On the basis of the dotprobe paradigm, 47 participants were recruited for this experiment, we only recorded 33 undergraduates’ eye movements successfully as a direct and continuous index of attention allocation. We use interpersonal reactivity index（IRI） to divide the high／low empathy groups. To compare the results with previous studies, initial orienting of attention was measured as latency of first fixation; attention maintenance was measured by fixation count and total fixation duration; attention bias was measured by the difference of pain facial picture and neutral facial picture results.Results： At the attention orientation stage, observers directed their attention more quickly to the pain facial picture than the neutral facial pictures. At the attention maintenance stage, observers have more fixation count and longer total fixation duration for the pain facial pictures than the neutral facial pictures, and the observers of high-level empathy have longer total fixation duration for pain and neutral facial pictures. A sub-group analysis shows that only high-level empathy observers have more total fixation duration for pain facial pictures; There is no difference in reaction time.Conclusion： Observers have pain attentional bias; at the attention maintenance stage, observers’ attention may be influenced by their empathy level.
出处
《心理科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第3期573-579,共7页
Journal of Psychological Science
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31371040
31571134)的资助
关键词
共情
疼痛面孔
注意
眼动
empathy
pain facial expression
attention
eye tracking
