摘要
权利的法定性和发展性构成了权利不断发展的一种内在张力,法律对新型利益的权利化要以此类利益具有正当性以及存在权利化的必要性为前提。在处理人与自然关系上,传统民法典基于伦理学人格主义坚持人类中心主义的思维,21世纪的中国民法典在坚守此思维之余,也应该对作为其基础的个体主义方法论做必要反思和矫正。生命伦理学及其对人类中心主义的反思构成对伦理学人格主义的有力补充,人与其他动物、人与资源和能源、人与生态和环境之间和谐关系的塑造是生命伦理学思想在民法典中的投影。对环境权定性问题的回答取决于我们对法律权利、民事权利的概念界定以及各个部门法在调整对象问题上的分工协作,这属于纯粹法学问题中的解释选择问题。立法上应该加大对具体环境法律制度的配置,如环境保护义务、环境保护公众参与程序、环境法律责任等等。
Rights have legal and developmental characteristics, all of which comprise the inherent tension for continuous development of righs. Whether new type of interests can turn into legal rights depends on justification and necessity of such interests. When dealing with the relationship between human and nature, the traditional civil codes adhere to the thinking of the anthropocentrism, which based on ethical personalisrn. In 21st century, China＇s civil code should not only adhere to the thinking of the anthropocentrism, but also should do necessary rethinking and recorrection to individualism methodology. Bioethics and its reflection on the anthropocentrism constitute powerful complement to ethical personalism. The harmonious relations be- tween human and other animals, human and resources and energy, human and ecology and environment are reflections of bio- ethics in Civil Code. Answers to questions of the legal characters of environment rightslie in definition of the concept of legal and civil rights, and harmonization of different legal sector which belongs to problem of explanation selection in pure law study. More specific environmental legal system should be configurated, such as environmental protection obligation, public participation procedure in environmental protection, environmental legal responsibility and so on.
出处
《法学评论》
CSSCI
北大核心
2016年第2期73-80,共8页
Law Review
基金
2014年国家社科基金重大项目"民法典编纂重大疑难问题研究"(项目编号:14ZDC017)
司法部2015年度国家法治与法学理论研究项目"我国民法典中团体类型及团体治理的实现"(项目编号:15SFB3027)
关键词
民法典
环境权
生命伦理学思想
解释选择问题
Civil Code
Environmental Right
Idea of Bioethics
Explanation Selection Problem
