摘要
文章首先厘清了劳动力市场分割理论与歧视经济学的区别和联系,并将中国劳动力市场上就业机会的户籍不平等现象界定为以农民工平等就业权利受侵害为本质的经济歧视。其次,使用中国家庭收入调查(CHIP)2002年和2007年数据,运用多元logit模型考察了中国劳动力市场上就业机会的户籍歧视状况和变化趋势。实证分析结果显示:(1)与城镇职工相比,农民工在职业获得、行业进入和所有制部门进入三个维度上都遭受了明显的户籍歧视;(2)与2002年相比,2007年就业机会的户籍歧视呈现恶化趋势,显示了经济发展过程中就业机会分配的"负滴漏效应";(3)农民工人力资本的就业机会回报显著低于城镇职工,这对农民工的人力资本投资决策可能会产生负向激励并导致"前市场歧视"的发生。最后,在理论和实证分析的基础上,文章提出了缓解就业机会户籍歧视的相关政策建议。
This paper firstly clarifies the differences and connection between the theory of labor market segmentation and the economics of discrimination,and defines the hukou inequality of job distribution in Chinese labor market as economic discrimination whose essence is some harm to equal rights to employment enjoyed by migrant workers.Then it utilizes the data of CHIP 2002 and CHIP 2007 to investigate the situation and change trend of the discrimination in job obtainment by hukou through a multinomial logit model.It comes to empirical results as follows：firstly,different from their urban counterparts,there is significant hukou discrimination against rural migrants in three dimensions in terms of occupational attainment,access to the industrial sectors,and access to enterprises of different ownership;secondly,compared with 2002,the discrimination in job obtainment against rural migrants is deteriorating in 2007,reflecting the＂negative trickle-down effect＂in job distribution in the process of economic development;thirdly,lower returns to human capital in job opportunities for rural migrants may thwart their enthusiasm for investing in their human capital and induce pre-market discrimination.Based on the theoretic and empirical analysis,this paper provides relevant policy suggestions about the relief from the discrimination in job obtainment by hukou.
出处
《财经研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2016年第1期4-16,共13页
Journal of Finance and Economics
基金
教育部人文社会科学研究基金项目(13YJC790212)
中国博士后科学基金第55批面上项目(2014M550650)
关键词
就业机会
户籍歧视
农民工
job obtainment
discrimination by hukou
rural migrant
