摘要
通过人工降雨及模拟喀斯特坡地地下孔（裂）隙构造,研究坡地地下产流产沙特征。结果表明：在降雨强度与孔（裂）隙度条件不变的情况下,地下孔（裂）隙累积径流量、径流率与坡度呈负相关关系,随坡度的增大而减小,地下孔（裂）隙产沙量总体上随坡度的增大而减小,但当地下孔（裂）隙度相差较大时,其产沙量在坡度变化上并非绝对随坡度的增大而减小;其他条件相同时,在50～80mm/h之间存在临界雨强,使地下孔（裂）隙累积径流量及产沙量先随坡度的增大而增大,达到临界降雨强度后,呈减小趋势,地下孔（裂）隙径流率总体随降雨强度的增大而减小;地下孔（裂）隙累积径流量、径流率、产沙量与地下孔（裂）隙度呈正相关关系;地下孔（裂）隙产沙量随地下孔（裂）隙累积径流量变化呈正相关关系;地下土壤漏失产流产沙与各因子间相关程度为坡度〉降雨强度〉地下孔（裂）隙度。
Through carrying out artificial rainfall and simulating underground crevasse structure on karst slopes,we studied the characteristics of underground runoff and sediment yield on slopes.The results showed that under the conditions of unchanged rainfall intensity and underground crevasse ratios,the cumulative runoff and runoff rate of underground crevasse were negatively correlated with slope gradient.With the increasing slope gradient,the sediment yield of underground crevasse generally decreased.However,when the underground porosity significantly differed,the sediment yield did not absolutely decrease with the increasing slope gradient.When the other conditions were the same,there was a critical rainfall intensity between 50—80mm/h.The cumulative runoff and sediment yield of underground crevasse increased with the increasing slope gradient at first,and showed decreasing trend after rainfall intensity reached the critical level,with runoff rate of underground crevasse decreasing with the increases of the runoff intensity.The cumulative runoff,runoff rate and sediment yield of underground crevasse were positively correlated with underground porosity,and the cumulative runoff was also positively correlated with sediment yield of underground crevasse.The degree of correlation of various factors with runoff and sediment loss in underground soil listed in the following order：slope〉rainfall intensity〉underground crevasse ratios.
出处
《水土保持学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第6期7-13,共7页
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41461057
41061029)
贵州省应用基础重大专项(黔科合JZ字[2014]200207)
关键词
人工降雨
地下漏失
地下孔(裂)隙
产流产沙特征
artificial rainfall
underground soil and water leakage
underground crevasse
characteristics of runoff and sediment yield
