摘要
在运用色斑法研究岷江冷杉及川滇高山栎灌丛林下的雨滴滴谱及降雨动能的基础上,探讨了上述两个生态系统林冠雨谱特征及降雨动能削减特征,比较了3种雨滴终速计算方法的适用性。结果表明:两种生态系统树冠层对降雨动能的改变作用有一定差异,灌丛林下的降雨动能一般小于林外降雨动能,而且雨强增大时灌从对动能的削减作用更加明显一些;但针叶林下的降雨动能却显著高于林外降雨动能,雨强增大时林下的降雨动能比有下降的趋势。在计算雨滴终速时,比较好的计算方法为Beard经验公式法,沙玉清公式(及修正的牛顿公式)法。
The characteristics of raindrop composition and reduced rainfall kinetic energy were studied with the 'stain' technique in coniferous forest and alpine shrubbery of Wolong nature reserve Region. And the applicability of three kinds of methods for calculation of raindrop terminal velocity was also compared. The results showed that: the variety of rainfall kinetic energy through the canopy of coniferous forests and shrubbery showed some difference. In shrubbery the rainfall kinetic energy under forest canopy was commonly lower than that of outside. Moreover the reducing function was improved with the increasing of rainfall intensity. In coniferous forest the rainfall kinetic energy under forest canopy was commonly higher than that of outside. And the energy ratio of inner rain with outside rain was decreased along with enhanced rainfall intensity. Better formulas calculating raindrop terminal velocity were Beard experience formula, Sha Yuqing formula (and revised Newton formula).
出处
《水土保持学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2004年第4期125-129,133,共6页
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
国家重点基础研究"973"项目(G2000046807)
国家自然科学基金(30230090)
中科院知识创新工程方向性项目(KZCX2-405)
关键词
卧龙地区
针叶林
亚高山灌丛
降雨
雨滴谱
能量
rainfall
raindrop size distribution
rainfall terminal velocity
raindrop energy
rainfall energy
