摘要
为了研究东北地区水稻生长发育和产量对温度变化的敏感性，以2个水稻品种（‘辽星1’、‘辽优5218’）为试验材料，设置4个播种期，分析播期对水稻生长动态和产量特征的影响。结果表明：（1）‘辽星1’在I、Ⅲ、Ⅳ播期分蘖数达到峰值较Ⅱ播期少用积温4000C左右；I和Ⅳ播期最大分蘖数较Ⅱ播期分别减少3．16％和15．50％，Ⅲ播期增加3．85％。‘辽优5218’在Ⅲ和Ⅳ播期分蘖数到达峰值较Ⅱ播期多用积温300℃左右；I、Ⅲ、Ⅳ播期最大分蘖数较Ⅱ播期分别增加7．12％、32．51％、19．59％。（2）‘辽星1’在I和Ⅳ播期株高较Ⅱ播期偏低，Ⅲ播期最高；‘辽优5218’在I、Ⅲ、Ⅳ播期株高偏低，I播期最矮。（3）‘辽星1’在I和Ⅲ播期叶面积指数达到峰值较Ⅱ播期分别多用积温3000C和200℃左右，Ⅳ播期少用100℃左右；I、Ⅲ、Ⅳ播期最大叶面积指数较Ⅱ播期分别增加48．5％、113．3％、31．6％。‘辽优5218’在I播期叶面积指数达到峰值较II播期多用积温500℃左右，III和IV播期分别少用400。C和100℃左右；I和III播期最大叶面积指数较II播期分别减少31．6％和27．6％，Ⅳ播期增加20．9％。（4）‘辽星1’在Ⅲ播期地上干质量最高，Ⅳ播期最低；‘辽优5218’在I播期地上千质量最高，Ⅱ播期最低。（5）‘辽星1’在I、Ⅲ、Ⅳ播期的产量较Ⅱ播期分别减产5．64％、6．27％、27．25％；‘辽优5218’在I播期的产量较Ⅱ播期增加5．66％，Ⅲ和Ⅳ播期分别减产13．14％和31．29％。（6）310℃积温2700—2800℃，平均温度24℃左右更适宜辽宁水稻生长和产量形成。
In order to study the sensitivity of the rice growth and yield to temperature change in northeast China, two rice cultivars （‘Liaoxingl＇ and‘Liaoyou5218＇） with four sowing dates were measured in field experiments. This paper analyzed the effect of sowing date on growth and yield characteristics of two rice cuhivars. The results showed： （1） the accumulated temperature of ‘Liaoxingl ＇ in I, Ⅲand Ⅳ sowing dates was 400℃ less than that of Ⅱsowing date when the tiller number reached peak; comoared with Ⅱ, the maximum tiller number in I and IV decreased by 3.16% and 15.50%, respectively, and increased by 3.85% in Ⅲ; the accumulated temperature of ‘Liaoyou5218＇ in Ⅲand Ⅳwas 300℃ more than that of Ⅱwhen tiller number reached peak; compared with Ⅱ, the maximum tiller number in I, Ⅲand Ⅳincreased by 7.12%, 32.51% and 19.59%, respectively; （2） the plant height of ‘ Liaoxingl ＇ in I and Ⅳ was lower than that of II, and in III was the highest; the plant height of ‘Liaoyou5218＇ in I and Ⅲ was lower than that of Ⅱ, and in I was the lowest; （3） the accumulated temperature of ‘Liaoxingl＇ in I and Ⅲ was 300℃ and 200℃ more than that of II when leaf area index reached peak, and less than 100℃ in Ⅳ; compared with Ⅱ, the maximum leaf area index in I, Ⅲ and Ⅳ increased by 48.5%, 113.3% and 31.6%, respectively; the accumulated temperature of ‘Liaoyou5218＇ in I was 500℃ more than that of Ⅱwhen leaf area index reached peak, and less than 400℃ and 100℃ in Ⅲ and Ⅳ; compared with Ⅱ, the maximum leaf area index in I and Ⅲ decreased by 31.6% and 27.6%, and increased by 20.9% in Ⅳ; （4） the shoot dry weight of ‘Liaoxingl＇ in Ⅲ was the highest, and in Ⅳ was the lowest; the shoot dry weight of ‘Liaoyou5218＇ in I was the highest, and in Ⅱ was the lowest; （5） compared with Ⅱ, the yield of ‘Liaoxingl＇ in I, Ⅲ and Ⅳ decreased by 5.64%, 6.27% and 27.25%, respectively; the yield of ‘Liaoyou5218＇ in I increased by 5.66%, decreased by 13.14% and 31.29% in Ⅲ and Ⅳ; （6） the accumulated temperature （≥10℃） under 2700-2800℃ and average temperature about 24℃ were suitable for rice on growth and yield development in Liaoning.
出处
《中国农学通报》
2015年第24期6-13,共8页
Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin
基金
公益性行业(气象)科研专项"东北寒地水稻低温冷害动态监测预警关键技术研究"(GYHY201306036)
辽宁省科学技术厅农业攻关及成果产业化项目"区域性暴雨及农业气象灾害精细化预报及风险评估研究"(2014210003)
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项重点项目"辽宁省玉米/水稻气候适宜度诊断预报定量化技术研发"(2014IAE-CMA01)
关键词
水稻
温度
播期
产量
rice
temperature
sowing date
yield
