摘要
目的对血液净化中心医护人员职业暴露危险因素及相关情况进行调查分析,提出对策。方法采用分层整群抽样方法,抽取深圳市3家三级甲等医院血液净化中心共120名医护人员为调查对象,采用问卷调查、收集其过去1年接触的职业暴露危险因素、职业伤害发生和职业安全防护措施认知相关资料,进行统计分析。结果噪声刺激、接触病人液体和接触光辐射是医护人员最常见的职业暴露危险因素,职业暴露率分别为100.0%、94.2%和94.2%。护士职业暴露危险因素总得分高于医生[71.0(62.0,76.0)分vs 57.0(50.0,62.0)分,P<0.01],初级和中级职称医护人员的职业暴露危险因素总分均高于高级职称者(P<0.01)。医护人员亚健康状态、职业性损伤和工作相关疾病发生率分别为33.3%、29.2%、14.2%。医护人员对常见经血液传播疾病的认知率最高,为95.0%;对降低医疗设备噪声方法的认知率最低,仅为33.3%。结论血液净化中心医务人员职业危害暴露率较高,应采取综合防治措施降低其职业危害风险。
Objective To investigate and analyze the risk factors and related status of occupational exposure among medical staff in hemopurification centers,and to put forward the countermeasures. Methods By stratified cluster sampling method,120 medical staffs were selected from 3 hemopurification centers of Level-3 Class-A hospitals in Shenzhen City and surveyed by questionnaire on their occupational exposing risk factors,condition of occupational injuries,and cognition of occupational safety protection measures during the past year. The data were statistically analyzed. Results The noise exposure,bodily fluid contact with patients,and light radiation were the most common risk factors for medical staffs,with the exposure rates of 100. 0%,94. 2%,and 94. 2%,respectively. The score of risk factors of occupational exposure in nurses was obvious higher than that in doctors [71. 0（ 62. 0,76. 0） vs 57. 0（ 50. 0,62. 0）; P〈0. 01],while the total risk factor score of occupational exposure of medical staffs possessed of the primary or middle professional titles were significantly higher than that of high professional titles respectively（ P〈0. 01）. The incidence rates of sub-health,occupational injury,and work-related diseases were 33. 3%,29. 2%,and 14. 2%,respectively. The cognition rate of common blood transmitted diseases was 95. 0%,highest in the medical staffs,and the cognition rate（ 33. 3%） of medical equipment noise reduce method was lowest. Conclusion The exposure rate of occupational hazard for medical staffs in hemopurification center is relatively high. It is necessary to take comprehensive regulation measures to reduce the occupational hazard risk.
出处
《中国职业医学》
CAS
北大核心
2015年第3期302-306,共5页
China Occupational Medicine
关键词
血液净化中心
医护人员
职业暴露
危险因素
职业伤害
职业安全防护
Hemopurification center
Medical staff
Occupational exposure
Risk factor
Occupational injury
Occupational safety protection
