摘要
我国中南地区的湖北、湖南、广西和广东四省,作物秸秆资源以及秸秆处理方式各异,探讨作物秸秆处理的区域特征和成因对理解区域土壤固碳对有机物投入的响应机理以及改善秸秆资源的利用方式有重要的意义.依据各省土壤类型、土地利用方式、道路交通及粮食产量等数据,沿主要省级公路每隔10km进行调查.基于统计数据和农户调研数据,分析了我国中南地区农业秸秆3种主要处理方式（留茬、秸秆焚烧和秸秆还田）的空间分布现状及其机理.中南四省的平均留茬高度为21.2cm,平均焚烧比例为33.3％,平均还田比例是46.8％.广西省农作物留茬高度主要集中在10～30cm,广东省的留茬高度为0～20cm,而湖南省和湖北省农作物留茬高度最高,集中在10 ～ 40cm.四省处于＞30％的秸秆焚烧比例为：广东（54.4％）＞湖北（41.1％）＞湖南（34.5％）＞广西（5.5％）;而秸秆还田比例大小与秸秆焚烧比例相反,四省处于＞30％的秸秆还田比例表现为：广西（95.3％）＞湖南（53.3％）＞湖北（47.9％）＞广东（32.8％）.从区域差异的成因上分析,广东农村人均纯收入高、农业劳动力缺乏,导致秸秆焚烧比例高、还田比例低;广西农村人均纯收入低、农业劳动力丰富,秸秆焚烧比例低、还田比例高;湖南和湖北农村人均纯收入、农业劳动力、秸秆焚烧和还田比例皆介于广东与广西之间.研究结果表明中南地区农业秸秆处理方式的区域差异主要受经济水平和农业生产的劳动力水平影响;在秸秆利用综合规划时,要考虑经济和劳动力状况因地制宜地制定秸秆利用的合理措施.
Four provinces in south central of China including Hubei,Hunan,Guangdong,and Guangxi,which straw resource and straw treatment are variously.Discussion on regional characteristics and origin,had a important significance to recognizing the response mechanism of organic input to soil carbon sequestration and improve utilization of crop straw.According to the information of soil types,Land use types,roads and grain production,the survey was conducted in every 10 kilometers around the main provincial road.Based on agricultural statistical and investigating data on farmers,the paper analyzed the spatial distribution of three straw treatments,which were standing stubble,burning straw and returning straw into field,in south central of China.The reason of regional distribution of different straw treatments and possible ways to improve straw utilization were discussed.In four provinces of south central of China,mean height of stand stubble was 21.2cm,mean percentage of burning straw was 33.3％ and mean percentage of returning straw into field was 46.8％.The main heights of the standing stubble of Guangxi region were in 10～30cm,while in Guangdong region the majority heights were in 0～20cm.There were most 10～40cm heights of standing stubble in Hunan and Hubei regions.The proportion of burning straw （＞30％） in four province：Guangdong （54％） ＞Hubei （40％） ＞Hunan （26％） ＞Guangxi （5％） ; while the proportion of returning straw into field （＞30％） by a contrary tendency：Guangxi （95％） ＞Hunan （49％） ＞Hubei （40％） ＞ Guangdong （32.8％）.Analyzed from the origin of regional differences,the rural per capita net income in Guangdong is highest,where the agricultural labor force is lacking,made the proportion of burning straw is highest and the proportion of returning straw into field is lowest.The rural per capita net income in Guangxi is lowest,and agricultural labor force is rich,made the proportion of burning straw is lowest and the proportion of returning straw into field is highest.And the rural per capita net income,agricultural labor force,the proportion of burning straw and returning straw into field in Hunan and Hubei were all between the Guangdong and the Guangxi.Results showed,spatial distribution of straw treatments were largely depends on the regional economic level and agricultural labor force in south central of China.Hence according to economic level and agricultural labor force,different developing measures of crop straw should be used in each region.
出处
《第四纪研究》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第4期848-855,共8页
Quaternary Sciences
基金
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项项目(批准号:XDA05050505)
国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:41201299)共同资助
关键词
秸秆处理方式
空间分布
经济水平
农业劳动力
crop straw treatments
spatial distribution
GIS
economic level
agriculture labor force
