摘要
目的正确评价中国现存秸秆可收集利用量以及各种利用途径的适宜性,充分认识中国秸秆资源的开发潜力。方法主要结合相关研究所测定的秸秆田间残留量等数据信息,以黄淮海地区主要农作物的收获留茬高度调查结果为主要依据,对中国各类秸秆资源的可收集利用系数进行估算,进而计算出2005年中国各类秸秆资源的可收集利用量。还采用各类秸秆适宜性分级的方法,对秸秆资源用于燃料、饲料、肥料、工业原料以及食用菌基料等用途的适宜性和其各自的可收集利用量进行了定性和定量评价。结果2005年中国秸秆可收集利用总量为68595×104t,平均可收集系数为0.81;残留田间和收集过程中浪费的秸秆占19%。其中,粮食作物秸秆可收集利用量为49231×104t,占71.77%;经济作物秸秆的可收集利用量为16261×104t,占23.71%;其它作物秸秆的可收集利用量为3103×104t,占4.52%。2005年中国可以燃用的秸秆约为6.35×108t,占全国秸秆可收集利用量的92.63%。2005年在中国可收集利用秸秆总量中,适宜加工饲喂的秸秆为58764×104t,占85.67%;不适宜加工饲喂的秸秆为9831×104t,占14.33%;秸秆残留还田量与适宜直接还田的可收集利用秸秆量合计约61600×104t,占同年中国秸秆总产量的近3/4;适宜于食用菌栽培的秸秆与适宜于工业加工的秸秆总资源量均约为58700×104t,分别占同年中国可收集利用秸秆总量的85.00%以上。结论根据测算结果可以看出,中国秸秆可收集利用量非常丰富,适宜于多种用途。
Objective The total production of straw in China ranks the first place in the world. It is of great significance to evaluate the collectable straw amount and suitability of comprehensive utilization ways correctly for fully recognizing the developing potential of straw resources and optimizing utilization structure on the basis of modern agricultural production. Method Combining with relevant survey information about straw residual amount in the field, the collectable coefficients of straw resources were estimated according to the investigation results of crop stubble height in the Huanghe-Huihe-Haihe regions. And then the collectable amount of straw resources in China in 2005 was calculated based on the data of the total straw yield and the collectable coefficients of straw resources. At last, the suitability of straw used as fuel, feed, fertilizer, industrial raw material and edible fungi and respective collectable straw amount were quantitatively and qualitatively evaluated. Result The calculated result showed that the collectable amount of straw resources in China in 2005 was 68 595×104 t with the average collectable coefficient of 0.81. The collectable amount of food crops straw, economic crops straw and other crops straw was 49 231×104 t, 16 261×104 t and 3 103×104 t accounting for 71.77%, 23.71% and 4.52% of the total collectable amount of straw resources in China in 2005, respectively. The straw amount suitable for processing to feed was 58 764×104 t, accounted for 85.67% of the total collectable amount of straw resources in China in 2005. The straw amount of crop-residue incorporation and suitable for returning to field directly, suitable for cultivating edible fungi and industrial processing was 61 600×104 t, 58 700×104 t and 58 700×104 t, accounted for 75.00%, 85.00% and 85.00% of the total collectable amount of straw resources in China in 2005, respectively. Conclusion It is concluded from analysis that the collectable amount of straw resources in China is so abundant that can be used in many ways.
出处
《中国农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第9期1852-1859,共8页
Scientia Agricultura Sinica
基金
中央级公益性科研院所基金(2008-15)
关键词
中国
秸秆资源
可收集利用量
适宜性
评价
China
straw resources
collectable amount
suitability
evaluation
