摘要
同为发达市场经济体,为何德国企业与高职教育机构形成了高水平的产学合作,而英、美国家企业与高职产学关系反而不那么紧密?为何韩国与我国台湾地区高职领域的产学关系主要来自政府引导?本文试图以新制度经济学和技能形成理论回答如下问题:第一,就某个经济体而言,什么样的技能需求具有"一定程度的技能专用性",从而引发多数企业自发的产学合作需求;第二,什么样的制度性因素减少了企业投资于工作技能的不确定性,从而保护企业与职业院校基于技能的产学合作;第三,哪些因素构成了高职产学关系治理变迁的动力。研究发现:从短期来说,企业与高职的产学行为要服从于现实的中间技能需求;从长期来看,则更受制于技能形成制度,且这种技能制度最早可以追溯到工业化早期。一个有利于企业与高职产学合作的技能制度至少包括如下三个方面:合作方的可信承诺关系与权责界定、行业内技能认证与标准化、监督企业培训的第三方力量。正是企业、高职、国家(和行业组织)三个行动流共同构成了产学关系演进的中心动力机制。
Why do cooperation between firms and higher vocational colleges work well in some developed economies, like Germany, but less so in others, like the UK and the US？ Why in Taiwan, South Korea, do cooperation between firms and higher vocational colleges work under the influence of ＂government＂？ Based on the theory of New Institutional Economics and skills formation, the paper explains several questions as follows： Firstly, in terms of certain economy, what kinds of skill requirement are specific that initiate spontaneous industry-college cooperation？ Secondly, what institutional factors reduce the uncertainty of enterprise＇s investment in working skills, thus protecting skills-based cooperation between the enterprise and colleges？ Thirdly, what factors constitute the cooperation changes？ The study found that in short term, cooperative behavior is subject to the intermediate skills requirements, while in long term it is restricted by the skill formation system which can be traced back to the early industrialization. A cooperation promoting skill formation system should include at least three facets： credible commitment and legal definition of the rights and obligation among parties （trainee, colleges and enterprise）, chamber- based skills certification standardization, and in-plant training regularly monitored by the third party. Enterprise, college, and governments （and industry groups） constitute the central motivational mechanism of the industry-college cooperation evolution.
出处
《教育发展研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2014年第13期59-66,共8页
Research in Educational Development
基金
教育部农林教育改革发展研究基地研究项目(600354)“校企合作人才培养机制与模式创新研究”(600354)
教育部重点课题子项目“产学合作加强实训基地办学模式创新研究”(GKA10178)的部分成果
关键词
技能形成制度
高职院校
产学关系
新制度经济学
skill formation system, higher vocational college, industry-college cooperation, new institutional economics
