摘要
康乾之际文人对西学的态度及其演变 ,与社会、宗教、政治诸因素密切相关。文章试图结合中西文献 ,从科学社会史的角度 ,考察 1 8世纪上半叶历算活动的复杂背景 ,分析 1 71 1年前后康熙从深信到怀疑欧洲天文学的过程 ,指出康熙倡导“自立”精神 ,是想努力摆脱传教士对历算的控制。并详细讨论了何国宗、梅成反教的家庭背景 ,及其与耶稣会士和奉教天文学家的矛盾。他们对西学的态度影响了乾嘉学派钱大昕等人 ,于是对西学的看法从宫廷传到江南 ,对后世产生了深刻的影响。乾隆、嘉庆之后“西学中源”说之盛行 ,也与此密切相关。
The transition in the attitude of Chinese scholars toward Western science between early Qing and the mid-Qianlong period is a rather complex problem.This paper tries to extend methods from social and cultural studies to explain how European sciences were accepted in the 18th centuty by Chinese literati who simultaneously defended their traditional sciences.Using both Chinese and Western sources,the paper explores why Kangxi emperor's attitude toward European science changed from trust to doubt around 1711,and why Kangxi and his third son Yinzhi strove to become independent of Jesuit control in matters of celendrical reform.By analysing the conflict between Christian astronomers and non-Christian literati,it explains why He Guozong (?—1763)and Mei Juecheng (1681—1763),both non-Christian scholars,were selected as the main editors of the Lüli Yuanyuan and how Chinese court mathematicians significantly influenced the attitude toward Western science in the latter part of the Qianlong reign.
出处
《自然科学史研究》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2002年第3期210-221,共12页
Studies in The History of Natural Sciences
