摘要
苹果果实贮藏在高变温条件下(10℃开始,以后降至0℃)的空气中,随着乙烯形成酶(EFE)和ACC合成酶活性的增高,果实内乙烯浓度迅速上升,ACC和MACC积累。低温(0℃)抑制乙烯生成,ACC和MACC也有积累,但保持较高的EFE,促进ACC合成酶不断上升。低温气调(CA)(3％CO_2,3％O_2)显著抑制乙烯生成和相应的酶活性。高变温情况下,先提高CO_2浓度至12％,然后,随温度变化CO_2降至6％,形成双变气调。双变气调对乙烯生物合成的抑制作用与CA相同。
The characteristics of ethylene biosynthesis of apple fruits (var. Red Delicious) stored under different temperatures and gas conditions for 150 days were studied. Apples fruits for treatments Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, were all stored in low temperature (0℃) throughout the storage period. The gas conditions for Ⅰ were 21% O_2, 0% CO_2 in air (0%, control), for Ⅱ were 3% O_2, 3% CO_2 (0℃, CA) and for Ⅲ were 3% O_2 in the whole storage period and 12% CO_2 in the first 30 days, then CO_2 decreased to 6% in the next 60 days and remained 6% in the later 60 days (0℃, high CO_2). Apple fruits of treatment Ⅳ, Ⅴ, Ⅵ, Ⅶ were stored in higher and varied temperatures. At the beginning of the storage, the temperature was about 10℃, then gradually decreased to 0℃ in the first 90 days and remained 0℃ in the later 60 days. The gas conditions for Ⅳ (high temperature, control) and Ⅴ (high temperature, CA) were the sameas Ⅰ and Ⅱ respectively. The gas conditions for Ⅳ (TDCA, Tow-dimentional and Dynamic Controlled Atmosphere Storage) were the same as Ⅲ. The gas conditions for Ⅶ were 3% O_2 throughout the storage period and 20% CO_2 in the first 30 days, then CO_2 decreased to 6% in the next 60 days and kept at 6% in the later 60 days (high temperature, high CO_2).
From the results it was found that when apple fruits were stored in high and varied temperatures in air (Ⅳ), EFE, ACC synthase, internal ethylene concentration and ethylene production in flesh tissue increased rapidly in the first 1～2 months, and large quantities of ACC and MACC were accumulated. Low temperature (0℃) inhibited ethylene production, the accumulation of ACC and MACC, but EFE activity was higher, and the activity of ACC synthase was markedly promoted in the later period of storage. At low temperature storage under controlled atmosphere (Ⅰ, 0℃, CA) markedly inhibited ethylene production, the accumulation of ACC and MACC and the activities of enzymes involved in ethylene biosynthesis. TDCA (Ⅵ) also markedly inhibited ethylene biosynthesis in apple fruits. It indicates that high CO_2 can inhibit ethylene biosynthesis, as same as low temperature. This was the reason why the TDCA storage of apple fruits was effective as CA storage.
基金
国家"七五"科技攻关项目
国家自然科学基金
农业部资助项目
关键词
苹果
贮藏
温度
乙烯生物合成
apple storage
CO_2
temperature
ethylene biosynthesis
TDCA
