摘要
【目的】 了解注意缺陷多动障碍 (ADHD)发病的非生物学危险因素。 【方法】 调查泉州市实验小学 1～ 6年级 1675名小学生的ADHD发病率与儿童性别、年龄、父母文化、职业的关系 ,对 71名ADHD患儿及其正常对照组进行EPQ(J)个性测定和FES CV的家庭精神环境测定。 【结果】 母亲文化为小学或文盲的 ,子女ADHD患病危险性分别为母亲为大学文化子女的 5 .6倍 (P =0 .0 0 0 2 )或 9.0倍 (P =0 .0 0 3 2 ) ;母亲为工人农民、个体或其它的 ,子女的患病危险性分别为母亲是技术干部的子女的 4.0倍 (P =0 .0 10 0 )、4.9倍 (P =0 .0 0 5 3 )或 6.7倍 (P =0 .0 0 0 5 ) ;而男生的患病危险性则为女生的 2 .6倍 (P =0 .0 0 0 7)。与对照组儿童相比 ,ADHD儿童个性内向 ,情绪不稳定 ,并有一定的精神质 ,他们的家庭亲密度、情感表达和知识性偏低而矛盾性和组织性偏高。 【结论】 男生较女生有更高的患病率 ,母亲的文化程度和职业与儿童的ADHD患病率有关 ,ADHD儿童具有特殊的个性特征和特殊的家庭环境 ,在诊治该病时必须给予充分的重视和干预。
To export psychological social risk factors of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. To investigate the relation between ADHD morbidity rate and individual characteristics and family environment in children,1 675 pupils,which studied in grade 1～6 of Quanzhou Experimental Primary school,were investigated by Environment Questionnaire.A total of 71 pupils was diagnosed as ADHD by the standard of DSM Ⅲ R,and the comparision group was confirmed according to 1:1 matched case control study design,then they wear assessed with EPQ (J) and FES CV. The ADHD prevalence of children whose mother educated grade was university was lower than that of children whose mother educated grade was primary school or illiterate,and the ratio was 1: 5.6( P =0.000 2) or 1:9.0( P =0.003 2).The ADHD prevalence of children whose mother profession was technician/cadre was lower than that of children whose mother profession was worker/farmer,self employed labourer or others,and the ratio was 1:4.0( P =0.010 0),1:4.9( P =0.005 3) or 1:6.7( P =0.000 5).The ratio of men to women was 2.6:1( P =0.000 7).The individual characteristics of children with ADHD were introversion, neuroticism and psychoticism,their family features were poor level of cohesion,expressiveness and intellectual culture orientation,high level of conflict and organization. [Conclusions] The ADHD prevalence of the schoolboys was significantly higher than that of the schoolgirls.There was significant relation between ADHD prevalence and mother's cultural standard and professions.The children with ADHD possessed specific individual characteristics and family environment,which should be paid more attention to and be intervened to when they were diagnosed and treated.
出处
《中国儿童保健杂志》
CAS
2002年第2期73-75,共3页
Chinese Journal of Child Health Care
基金
福建省教委科研基金资助项目 (JA971 1 0 )
关键词
ADHD
患病率
儿童
个性特征
家庭环境
ADHD
prevalence
individual characteristics
family environment
child
