摘要
"解"作为一种上行文书名称,至迟东汉末已开始出现,魏晋南北朝时期继续沿用。唐代时,解文明确记载于国家律、令之中,并有相应的"解式",是一种重要的公文。唐代解文有县申州解、折冲府申州解、州申尚书省解三种。本文通过对大量敦煌吐鲁番所出官府文书的考证与分析,确认过去被中日学者视为"申文"或"申状"一类的文书,实系唐代前期县申州的解文,并复原其"解式"。此类解文内容丰富,是认识唐代前期地方行政运作与州县管理的第一手珍贵资料。其与作为下行文书的符文紧密对应,二者承载着政令传达、信息沟通等方面的重要功能,是联系唐代中央与地方州府、州与县、州与折冲军府之间的桥梁与纽带。解文在唐代后期继续行用,并对宋元时期的文书制度产生过重要影响,反映了此类文书在中国古代公文行政运作中所具有的重要地位和作用。
Jie-Wen"as a kind of ascending documents began at least to appear around the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty,and continued to be used during the Wei,Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties.In Tang Dynasty,"Jie-Wen"as one of important official documents was clearly recorded in the national laws and orders,and with certain form and style.In Tang Dynasty there were three categories of Jie-Wen:from county to prefecture,from prefecture to higher prefecture,from high prefecture to state.Through the investigation on the large number of official documents found at Dunhuang and Turfan inscriptions,this paper confirms the documents that have been regarded as"Shen-wen"or"Shen-zhuang"by Chinese and Japanese scholars in the past,are the Jie-Wen from county to prefecture in the early Tang Dynasty.This kind of document is rich in content and is the primary material to understand the local administrative operation and state and county management in the early Tang Dynasty.It closely corresponds to the"Fuwen"as a downward official document.They two different documents with important functions in the communication of the decree between different level of administrations.It is the bridge between the central and local governments during Tang Dynasty."Jie Wen"continued to be used in the late Tang Dynasty and had an important influence on the official documenting system in the Song and Yuan Dynasties.This has reflected how important of such documents in ancient Chinese official documenting system.
出处
《西域研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第4期51-79,M0005,共30页
The Western Regions Studies
基金
国家社会科学基金重大招标项目"吐鲁番出土文书再整理与研究"(项目编号:17ZDA183)的阶段性成果
关键词
唐代解文
解式
地方行政与公文运作
敦煌吐鲁番文书
Tang Dynasty "Jie-wen"
Jie-shi (form and style of Jie-wen)
Local administration and Official document operation
Dunhuang and Turfan inscriptions
