摘要
对退化红壤上恢复 1 0 a的 4种人工林 ,即小叶栎 ( Quercuschenii)、木荷 ( Schima superba)、马尾松 ( Pinusmassonina)与木荷 -马尾松的混交林土壤节肢动物群落进行了季节动态调查。结果表明 ,不同林地节肢动物群落的组成和数量发生了明显分异。节肢动物类群数在各季节一般都是小叶栎最高 ,混交林、木荷居中 ,马尾松最低。节肢动物的个体数总体上仍以小叶栎最高 ,但在夏季 ,马尾松林地由于弹尾目数量爆发而使总个体数最高。节肢动物群落存在明显的季节波动 ,一般春季节肢动物类群数和个体数量最高 ,夏季最低 ,夏季高温干旱对节肢动物有强烈的抑制作用 ,而冬季低温对节肢动物的影响不及夏季干热的影响严重。各季节林地节肢动物群落组成皆以螨类为主体 ,占总个体数的 6 0 .2 %～ 91 .7%。弹尾目占总个体数的比例季节变化较大 ,但均以马尾松林地为最高。捕食者数量 (蜈蚣和蜘蛛 )在各季节都是小叶栎显著高于其它林地 ( P<0 .0 5 ) ,混交林与木荷比较接近 ,而马尾松最低。在群落多样性指数中 ,丰富度指数 d和密度 -类群指数DG表达的群落差异明显 ,其在不同林地的大小顺序与类群数趋势基本一致 ,而香农指数 H、均匀度指数 J群落之间基本无差异。聚类分析和鉴别分析将不同林地的节肢动物群落分成 4组 ,小叶?
This study was carried out at the Ecological Experiment Station of Red Soil in Yujiang County (28°15′30″N,116°55′30″E ), Jiangxi Province, China. The area is a typical subtropical monsoon region characterized by a warm-wet spring and a hot-dry summer. Annual temperature averages 17.8℃. Total amounts of precipitation and evaporation are about 1700mm and 1359mm, respectively. Approximately half of the annual precipitation occurs from April to June, while precipitation in the period from July to September is only 19% of the total. Soil in the experimental station is recognized as red soil (Ultisol) derived from Quaternary red clay, where the landscape is characterized by low hill with slope gradient from 5° to 8°. Before experiment, the vegetation and soil had heavily degraded because of man-made disturbance and erosion. Seasonal dynamics of the soil arthropod community was investigated in four kinds of artificially restored woodlands, including deciduous broadleaf woodland (Quercus chenii, Qc), evergreen broadleaf woodland (Schima superba, Ss), coniferous woodland (Pinus massonina, Pm), and coniferous-broadleaf mixed woodland (Schima superba-Pinus massonina, Sm). Our objectives were: (1) to describe the composition, diversity and seasonal fluctuations of soil arthropod communities under different woodland, (2) to determine if restoring measures were reflected in the differentiation of arthropod communities, and (3) to evaluate the suitability of the indices for describing arthropod community and finally screening out the most promising index that can effectively discriminate the community differences. Results from this study showed that both composition and numbers of arthropods varied with vegetation types. Total group numbers were in the order of Qc(21)>Sm(18)>Ss (16)>Pm (15). Total individuals were also highest in Qc for all seasons except for summer. The highest individuals under Pm in summer were attributed to the sharp increase of Collembola. An obvious seasonal fluctuation of arthropod communities was observed. The total group numbers and individuals in spring were higher than that in other seasons. The communities were greatly depressed in the hot-dry summer, while the depression of arthropods was not so serious in winter as occurred in summer. We found that the mites dominated over entire season, making up from 60.2 to 91.7 percent of the total individuals. Although strongly fluctuating with seasons, the percentage of Collembola of total individuals was always greatest in Pm for every season, and it arrived at 66.5 percent in summer. The number of predators (centipedes and spiders) was significantly higher in Qc (P<0.05) than in other woodlands, lowest in Pm, and intermediate in Ss and Sm. Of the indices describing the community diversity, Margalef abundance index (d) and density-group index (DG) could significantly detect the differences among the woodlands (P<0.05). Both d and DG values were in the order of Qc>Sm>Ss>Pm, which was consistent with the tendency of total group numbers. However, there were no significant differences for Shannon-Wienner index (H) and Pielou index (J) among the woodlands. Cluster analysis and canonical discriminant analysis separated the four communities into three groups. The first group included Qc only, which had the greatest diversity. The second group consisted of Ss and Sm, which had intermediate diversity. The Pm occupied the last group, which had the lowest diversity. Overall, the diversity of arthropod communities in different woodland followed the order: Qc>Sm≥Ss>Pm, Sm showing “mixed superiority” to some extent. Both quality and quantity of the litter and the soil hydrothermal condition were the main factors affecting arthropod community development. Principal component analysis, performed on standardized variables using the correlation matrix, demonstrated that most of the indices were highly intercorrelated (P<0.01), suggesting that the above indices contained much redundant information. To identify the sensitivity of all indices, we used the canonical discr
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2002年第1期54-61,共8页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金 ( 4 9871 0 4 6 )
国家重点基础研究发展规划项目 ( G1 9990 1 1 80 1 )
中国科学院红壤生态开放实验站基金资助项目
