摘要
荒漠水源奇缺,常有干渴威协。骆驼长期在这种自然选择下,造就出一种十分惊人的耐干渴能力,十日不饮可照常供使役,30～40日内缺水不致有生命危险。据研究认为,骆驼高度耐渴的机理主要在于:一次能饮入60～80升甚至更多的水;能饮用含盐量相当高的水;血液和体液中保存水的能力很强;能节约散热、呼吸、排尿、排粪过程中的水份消耗;有较高排泄浓缩尿的能力;可有效利用体内的代谢水;即使高度失水(达体重的30%)也能短期耐受过去。正因其耐渴能力强,所以才使人类开发利用荒漠成为可能;使大面积缺水草埸和其它家畜所不能利用的灌木类植物得到合理利用;还能在缺水条件下持续分泌稀薄的低脂肪驼乳,为沙漠旅行者提供上等饮料。
There is athreat of thirsty in desert because of lack of water. Under this natural selection.Camels were turned out with strong thirsty resistance.They can be work without water for 10 days.a- nd its life is not dangerous without water for 30～40 days. This paper is considered that the mechanisms of the strong th- irsty resistance of camel are as follows:a camel can drink 60～80 liters of water once:can drink the water containing great amount of salt;can keep the water very well in both the blood and the b- ody fluidc;an save the water in high-temperature,breathe,urin- ation,evacuation;can enrich urine,can bear for short time,even if the water was lost seriously. For above,camel can be used for developing desert and gives t- he best drink-camel's milk to tourists in the desert.the bush in t- he desert can be used,while other animals can not because of lack of water.
关键词
体温变异
耐低渗
低谢水
浓缩尿
骆驼
耐干渴能力
发生机理
thirsty resistance
variation of body temperature
low osmosis resistance
metabolic water
enriched urine
