摘要
利用３０个荧光标记的人类常染色体ＳＴＲ位点的引物，对中国白族、纳西族、土族、撒拉族、山东汉族、畲族６个民族进行了多重ＰＣＲ扩增，产物在ＡＮＩ ３７７测序仪上进行变性聚丙烯酸胺凝胶电泳和基因扫描及分型，然后用Ｓｈｒｉｖｅｒ的Ｄｅｗ法计算遗传距离，用Ｗｅｉｇｈｂｏｒ－Ｊｏｉｎｉｎｇ法和ＵＰＧＭＡ法构建了系统发生树，结合有关资料分析了它们之间的遗传关系。结果揭示：撒拉族与土族的遗传距离较接近，为０．０３３，但与其余４个民族的距离则较远，均大于０．１２；土族 与纳西族和山东汉族的距离较近，分别为０．０３８、０．０６３；白族与山东汉族的距离最近，仅为０．００７，而与纳西族相近却有０．０７５的距离，与土族的距离也较远，为０．１１２；纳西族和山东汉族 之间存在着０．１００的遗传距离；畲族与其他５个民族群体的距离均超过了０．１２，关系较远。在 构建的系统发生树中，纳西族、撒拉族和土族聚成一簇，汉族、白族聚成一簇，畲族单独为一 枝。这一结果与它们的地理分布和民族历史基本上是一致的，并可为结合历史和考古资料综 合分析这６个民族的起源、迁移、形成和发展提供遗传学依据。
30 autosomal STRs of 6 Chinese populations (Bai, Naxi, Tu, Sala Han in Shandong, She) were amplified by multiplex PCRs using fluerescein-labelled primers. Shriver's Dew was estimated on the basis of the results of the genescanning and genotyping after running unnatural PAGE of the PCRs' products on ABI 377 sequencer. Phylogenetic bees were constructed by using Neighbor-Joining and UPGMA method based on Dew, and then the genetic relationships among them were analyzed referring to some relative informations. Our results indicated that the genetic distance between Sala and Tu is neap 0.033. But the distances between Sala and other four populations are far, over 0.12; Tu is close to Naxi and Shandong Han, and the distances are 0.038, 0.063 respectively;The distance between Bai and Han is the nearest 0.007,but there is a distance, 0.075, between Bat and Naxi, and a far distance, 0.112, between Bai and Tu; The distance between Naxi and Han is 0.100 and the distances between She and other 5 populations are all over 0.12. In both of the NJ and UPGMA phylogenetic bees, Naxi, Tu and Sala is one cluster and Bai and Han is another cluster,She is a single branch. These results, basically consistent with 6 Chinese populations' geographic distribution and histories, can provide some. genetic information to comprehensively study their origin, migration, formation and development with their historical records and archaeological evidence.
基金
国家自然科学基金重大项目(39993420)
美国中华医学基金CMB(98-675)&&
