摘要
对将热力学基本方程用于不可逆过程时,应用等号或不等号这一问题,存在着两种对立的观点及分别与这两种观点相矛盾的例证。作者认为这些矛盾并非源于对方程的应用不当,而是源于这些方程本身。作者推导出的以下方程则可普遍适用于一切不做非体积功的封闭体系,无论体系内部有无相变化或化学反应。 dU≤TdS-PdV+(P-P_环)dV-(T-T_环)dS dH≤TdS+VdP+(P-P_环)dv-(T-T_环)dS dF≤-SdT-PdV+(P-P_环)dV-(T-T_环)dS dG≤-SdT+VdP+(P-P_环)dV-(T-T_环)dS Σμidni≤(P-P_环)(dV-(T-T_环)
There are two contradictlous opinlons, either of them contradicts some examples, on whether the equations or the inequations should be appied in the irreversible state change. As the author's opinion, the dilemma was caused by these equations or inequations themselves, instead of by improper applications of them. The following corrected expressions which the author proposed to can be widely appied to any state change in a closed system without non-expansion work. dU≤Tds-PdV+(P-Psur.)dV-(T-Tsur.)dS dH≤TdS+VdP+(P-Psur.)dV-(T-Tsur.)dS dF≤-SdT-PdV+(P-Psur.)dV-(T-Tsur.)dS dG≤-SdT+Vdp+(P-Psur.)dV-(T-Tsur.)dS ∑μi dni(P-Psur.)dV-(T-Tsur.)dS
出处
《华西药学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
1991年第2期119-122,共4页
West China Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
关键词
热力学
基本方程
internal energy enthalpy Helmholz free energy Gibbs free energy entropy reversible process irreversible process
