摘要
目的 通过分析厦门市居民膳食消费现状及食品中邻苯二甲酸酯类（PAEs）塑化剂含量,评估厦门市居民食品塑化剂暴露风险.方法 于2010年9^-10月,在厦门市采用分层整群随机抽样法,按行政区划,以居委会为抽样点,抽取6个抽样点,再分别从每个抽样点抽取25户家庭,共150户,以每户家庭中6岁以上的常住居民作为调查对象,共495名.采用调查问卷收集调查对象的基本个人信息、体力活动水平,以及调查对象的谷薯类、豆类、蔬菜类、菌藻类、水果类、乳类、肉类、水产品、蛋类、零食、饮料、烹调油、调味品,共13类33种食品的单位时间进食次数和平均每次食用量,测量其身高和体重,计算调查对象平均每人每日膳食摄入量.在厦门地区超市采集所调查的13类33种食品,每种食品选取超市年度销售量排在前3～5位的不同品牌,对其进行编号,采用随机数字表法抽取其中2～3个品牌的食品进行采样,每个品牌取同一批次3个完整独立包装样品,共计243份样品.固体样品采集100 ～ 500 g,液体样品采集100～500 ml.采用液相色谱-质谱联用法检测食品中邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（DEP）、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP）、邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基）己酯（DEHP）的含量,以中位数（最小值～最大值）表示.采用点评估法计算PAEs暴露量、贡献率及风险指数,分析不同种类食品间PAEs的含量差异.结果 13类食品中,厦门市居民膳食平均摄入量排在前3位的分别为谷薯类（337.16g/d,18.21％）、蔬菜类（309.12 g/d,16.69％）和水果类（213.20 g/d,11.51％）.不同类别食品间DEP、DBP、DEHP含量差异具有统计学意义（Х^2值分别为58.05、50.19、102.10,P值均＜0.01）,水产品含DEP最多,为0.090（0.000～0.324） mg/kg;烹调油含DBP、DEHP最多,分别为0.700（0.000～2.980）、5.115 （0.000～24.160）mg/kg.厦门市居民食品DEP、DBP、DEHP暴露量（0.19、4.20、18.10 μg·kg^-1·d^-1）均小于美国环境保护署提出的经口摄入参考剂量（RfD）（800、100、20 μg· kg^-1·d^-1）,风险指数分别为0.02％、4.20％、90.50％.水产品为DEP膳食暴露的首要来源,暴露量和贡献率分别为0.18 μg·kg^-1·d^-1、94.74％.蔬菜类为DBP和DEHP的主要暴露来源,暴露量和贡献率分别为1.48 μg·kg^-1·d^-1、35.24％和6.07 μg· kg^-1·d^-1、33.54％.结论 厦门市居民膳食整体处于安全水平,存在一定程度的DEHP暴露风险.
Objective To understand the dietary consumption of residents in Xiamen and the content of phthalic acid esters （PAEs） in food,and to assess the plasticizer exposure risk of diet in Xiamen.Methods The survey was conducted by stratified cluster random sampling method in Xiamen from September to October in 2010.According to the Xiamen administrative division,six neighborhood communities were selected as sampling units,then 25 families were randomly chosen from each sampling units.From the above 150 families,the permanent residents over the age of six were permitted to our study.The survey included 495 residents totally.These participants＇ information,such as basic personal information,physical activity levels,meal frequency and the average consumption of 33 kinds of food in 13 categories were collected using questionnaires.Thirteen categories included cereal and tubers,beans,vegetables,fungi and algae,fruits,dairy products,meat,seafood,eggs,snacks,beverages,cooking oil and spices.The height and weight of residents were measured and the average daily dietary intake was calculated.Thirty-three kinds of food in 13 categories were collected in supermarkets in Xiamen.According to the annual sales ranking,the top three-five brands of each kinds of food were selected and numbered,then two or three brands were chosen by random number table method from them; three completely individual packed samples in the same batch of each brand were detected; 243 samples were included in our study.100-500 g solid samples or 100-500 ml liquid samples were collected.The content of diethyl phthalate （DEP）,dibutyl phthalate （DBP）,di （2-ethylhexyl） phthalate （DEHP） in food were detected by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry,which expressed by median （minimum-maximum）.The exposure dose,contribution rate and risk index of PAEs were calculated by point estimation method.Results According to the average daily dietary intake of residents in Xiamen,the top three ones in 13 categories of food were cereal and tubers （337.16 g/d,18.21%）,vegetables （309.12 g/d,16.69%） and fruits （213.20 g/d,11.51%）.The content of DEP,DBP or DEHP among different categories of food was significantly different （Х^2 values were 58.05,50.19 and 102.10,P 〈0.01）.Among 13 categories of food,seafood contained the most DEP （0.090 （0.000-0.324） mg/kg） ; cooking oil had the most DBP（0.700（0.000-2.980） mg/kg）and DEHP（5.115（0.000-24.160） mg/kg）.DEP,DBP and DEHP exposure（0.19,4.20,18.10 μg ·kg^-1 · d^-1）in dietary food in Xiamen were less than the reference dose（RfD） （800,100,20 μg · kg^-1 ·d^-1） proposed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency （EPA）,and the risk indexes were 0.02%,4.20% and 90.50%,respectively.Among 13 categories of foods,seafood was the main source of DEP dietary exposure.The exposure dose and contribution rate of DEP in seafood were 0.18 μg · kg^-1 · d^-1and 94.74%,respectively.Vegetables were the main source of DBP and DEHP dietary exposure.The exposure dose and contribution rate of DBP and DEHP were 1.48 μg · kg^-1 · d^-1,35.24% and 6.07 μg ·kg^-1 · d^-1,33.54%,respectively.Conclusion The food consumed by residents in Xiamen was overall in a safe state,but to some extent,there still exists DEHP exposure risk in foods.
出处
《中华预防医学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第7期602-606,共5页
Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine
基金
福建省自然科学基金（2012J01412）
2012年厦门大学“大学生创新创业训练计划”项目
