摘要
湿地是世界上最具生物多样性的重要生态系统之一,湿地资源开发利用的时空动态变化对物种生境、分布及多样性有着极其重要的影响。江苏盐城海滨湿地是全球丹顶鹤最重要的越冬地之一,湿地景观的变化势必会影响丹顶鹤生境结构及其质量。本研究以盐城海滨湿地带相对连续的16期遥感解译影像为空间数据源,分析了8个丹顶鹤越冬栖息热点地区的湿地资源利用以及丹顶鹤越冬生境及其质量的时空动态变化,利用逐步回归和典型相关等方法分析湿地资源利用变化对丹顶鹤生境的影响。结果显示:研究区自然湿地大面积地被转变成人工湿地以及非湿地,其主要变化特征是碱蓬、芦苇等自然湿地被围垦成耕地、水产养殖塘等人类活动强度较高的覆被类型;丹顶鹤适宜生境面积持续下降,补充生境及非生境面积都大幅度增加;综合生境因子在每个热点地区总体上呈现下降的趋势,热点地区丹顶鹤生境质量都呈现出分时段、不同程度的下降趋势;丹顶鹤生境质量受到多种覆被类型的综合影响,其中,芦苇湿地和碱蓬湿地对丹顶鹤各种生境因子都有显著影响,主要发挥改善和提高生境质量的作用;盐田、建筑用地和水产养殖塘所产生的干扰是不利于生境质量提高的覆被类型。研究分析表明:芦苇湿地和碱篷湿地作为丹顶鹤越冬最适宜生境,宜进一步加大保护力度;盐田和水产养殖塘等人工湿地作为补充生境,虽然在一定程度上为丹顶鹤提供了食物和水分,但其经营管理活动所产生的干扰则影响了生境质量,因而需减少其在越冬季节的干扰活动。
Wetland, with highest biodiversity, is one of the most important ecosystems. Human activities are major contributors to biodiversity loss and degradation of biological community structure. And the wetland development and reclamation and its dynamics has an important impact on species habitat, population distribution and biodiversity. Yancheng Coastal Wetland is one of most important wintering place for Red Crowned Crane （ Grus japonensis） in China even in the world. The wintering habitat structure and quality was declining due to development and reclamation activities. The spatial data of 32 cloud-free Landsat TM and ETM images at 30 m x 30 m resolution covering the study area （Path/Row： 119/37 and 120/36） were collected, ahd the image of 1991,1992,1995, 1997 and 1999-2010 were considered. Aecordiong to 8 wintering hotspurs and cranes habitat, effects of wetland resource use on wintering habitat and its quality were analyzed. Then, the stepwise regression model and canonical correlation analysis model were employed to explore the impacts of wetland use changes on cranes habitats. The results showed that ： The natural wetlands converted into artificial wetlands and non-wetlands extensively, and its characteristic was that reed and Suaeda salsa wetland were reclaimed by farmland and fish pond. Area size of suitable habitat of cranes was decreasing and supplement habitat and non-habitat area were significantly increasing. The integrated quality factor, as a whole, showed a declining trend, and the habitat quality of hotspots declined inordinately in different periods. Combined influence from multiple land use and cover types on cranes habitat quality was identified. The reed and Suaeda salsa wetland, with the functions of improving and enhancing the habitat quality, were significant related to all of habitat quality factors, and the salt pan, built land and aquaculture pond had no benefit to habitat quality improving due to disturbance result from them. The results of this paper implied that the reed wetland and Suaeda salsa wetland, as a most suitable habitat for cranes, should be conserved strictly, the management activities carried on the supplement habitat （slat pan and aquaculture pond can provide some resources needs） should be reduced in wintering period for less disturbance.
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
北大核心
2014年第7期30-36,共7页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目"区域土地利用的生态保护空间网络研究"(编号:KYZ201166)
关键词
湿地资源利用变化
丹顶鹤
生境数量
生境质量
盐城滨海湿地
wetland resources use change
red-crowned crane
habitat quantity
habitat quality
Yancheng Coastal Wetland
