摘要
目的：了解中国不同城市和乡镇3～12岁儿童的血矿物质水平，并探讨相关影响因素。方法：采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样方法在北京、广州等7个城市和两个乡镇（平原、山区）各随机抽取1所幼儿园和1所小学，并抽取幼儿园小班、中班、大班，小学两个年级（二年级和五年级）各1个班，将班内所有健康儿童作为研究对象抽血检测其血钙、镁、铅、铁、铜、锌的含量。结果：共调查儿童1842人，钙、镁、铅、铁、铜、锌的平均值都处于标准值范围。男童的血铅含量显著高于女童，不同年龄组之间血矿物质含量存在显著差异，学龄前儿童的血钙含量和血铜含量显著高于学龄儿童，而学龄儿童的血铅含量、血铁含量和血锌含量显著高于学龄前儿童。分别有高达35．5％和39．6％的儿童存在不同程度的缺铁和缺锌，不同年龄组之间，铁缺乏率和锌缺乏率差异均有统计学意义（ P＝0．001），且随年龄的增加而逐渐降低；大于等于3岁、小于4岁组儿童的铁缺乏率和锌缺乏率分别高达47．1％和64．6％；平原乡镇和山区乡镇儿童铁缺乏率显著高于一线城市儿童，而平原乡镇和山区乡镇儿童的锌缺乏率显著低于一、二线城市儿童。结论：目前中国城市和乡镇3～12岁儿童的铁缺乏和锌缺乏状况仍然非常严重，未来儿童营养膳食方面应该重点加强铁和锌方面的干预研究。
Objective：To investigate the status of blood mineral content of children aged 3 to 12 years in Chinese cities and countryside and explore the possible related influencing factors .Methods： The multistage stratified cluster random sampling was used to select one kindergarten and one primary school in seven cities （ Beijing and Guangzhou and so on ） and two towns randomly .Firstly, we selected one bottom class , middle class , top class in one kindergarten and one second grade and fifth grade in one pri-mary school randomly .Then all of the healthful students of these classes were investigated and the blood mineral content of calcium , magnesium, lead, iron, copper, and zinc were detected.Results：In the re-search, 1 842 students were investigated .The means of calcium, magnesium, lead, iron, copper, and zinc were in the standard range .The blood lead content of the boys was higher than that of the girls .The blood mineral content of different ages had statistical significance .The blood calcium and blood copper contents of the preschool children were higher than those of the school children .However , the school children had significantly higher blood lead , iron, and zinc contents in comparison with those of the pre-school children .The incidences of iron deficiency and zinc deficiency were 35.5%and 39.6%, respec-tively .The incidence of iron deficiency and zinc deficiency of different ages had statistical significance , and with the age increasing , the incidence showed a decreasing trend .The incidences of iron deficiency and zinc deficiency of children whose age was more than or equal to 3 years and less than 4 years were up to 47.1%and 64.6%, respectively.The incidence of iron deficiency of the children in the countryside area was significantly higher than those in the first-tier cities.However, the incidence of zinc deficiency of the children in the countryside area was significantly lower than those in the first-tier cities and second-tier cities.Conclusion：The status of iron deficiency and zinc deficiency of children aged 3 to 12 years in Chinese cities and countryside were still serious .We should pay more attention to the nutrition interven-tional research on iron and zinc .
出处
《北京大学学报（医学版）》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第3期379-382,共4页
Journal of Peking University:Health Sciences
基金
蒙牛研发中心资助~~
关键词
锌
铁
血清
儿童
Zinc
Iron
Serum
Children
