摘要
目的探讨军队医院和地方私立医院护士心理健康和人格特征的差异。方法采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)和艾森克人格问卷简式量表中国版(EPQ-RSC)对武警某医院和地方某私立医院150名护士进行测查。结果①武警医院护士SCL-90总分为(123.04±36.92),总均分为(1.37±0.41)。私立医院护士SCL-90总分为(159.95±43.25),总均分为(1.77±0.48)。武警医院护士SCL-90总分和总均分均极显著低于私立医院护士(t=-5.887,P<0.01)。武警医院护士SCL-90各因子分和阳性项目数均极显著低于私立医院护士(t=-3.961^-6.337,P均<0.01)。武警医院护士人际关系敏感极显著低于全国常模女性组(t=-4.650,P<0.01),抑郁因子分显著低于全国常模女性组(t=-2.202,P<0.05)。武警医院护士EPQ-RSCE显著高于私立医院护士(t=2.074,P<0.05)。武警医院护士EPQ-RSC-P极显著低于全国常模女性组(t=-4.147,P<0.01),EPQ-RSC-N显著低于全国常模女性组(t=-2.644,P<0.05)。武警医院和私立医院护士EPQ-RSC-L均显著高于全国常模女性组(t=6.324,2.513;P均<0.05);②军人护士和私立医院护士躯体化高于武警某医院合同制护士(F=11.937,P<0.01)。其他各因子分、阳性项目数、总分和总均分均为军人护士和武警某医院合同制护士极显著低于私立医院护士(F=4.360~19.809,P均<0.01);③SCL-90得分与EPQ-RSC-P和EPQ-RSC-N呈正相关(r=0.161~0.410,P<0.05),与EPQ-RSC-E呈负相关(r=-0.118^-0.393,P<0.05);④多元线性逐步回归分析结果显示,影响护士心理健康的主要因素有EPQ-RSC-E、EPQ-RSC-N、年龄和护龄(t=-2.362,3.675,-2.093,2.349;P<0.05),决定系数R2为0.234,可解释总变异量的23.4%。结论武警医院护士心理健康状况优于私立医院护士。性格外向、情绪稳定,阅历丰富有助于心理健康。内向、情绪不稳定以及长期从事临床护理工作易出现心理问题。
Objective To explore the mental health and personality characteristics differences of nurses in army hospital and private hospital. Methods Totally 150 nurses in armed police hospital and private hospital were investigated by Symptom Checklist - 90 （ SCL - 90）, Eysenek personality questionnaire revised and short scale for Chinese （EPQ - RSC ）. Results （1）The SCL - 90 total score and grand average score of the nurses in armed police hospital was （ 123.04 ± 36.92） and（ 1.37 ± 0.41 ）. Those in private hospital was （ 159.95 ±43.25） and （ 1.77 ±0.48）. The SCL -90 total score and grand average score of the nurses in armed police hospital were all significantly lower than those in the private hospital（ t = -5. 887 ,P 〈0.01 ）. Every factor and positive item number of SCL -90 of the nurses in armed police hospital were all significantly lower than those in the private hospital （t = -3.961 ~ -6. 337, P 〈 0.01 ）. The interper- sonal sensitivity of the nurses in armed police hospital was significantly lower than that in the national women norm （ t = -4. 650, P 〈 0. 01 ）. And their depression factor was significantly lower than that in the national women norm （t = -2. 202, P 〈 0.05 ）. The EPQ - RSC - E of nurses in armed police hospital were significantly higher than those in private hospital（ t = 2. 074, P 〈 0.05 ）. The EPQ - RSC - P of nurses in armed police hospital were significantly lower than the national women norm（ t = -4. 147 ,P 〈 0.01 ）. And their EPQ - RSC - N were significantly lower than the national women norm（ t = -2. 644 ,P 〈 0.05 ）. The EPQ - RSC - L of the two hospitals were all signifi- cantly higher than the national women norm （ t = 6. 324,2.513 ; P 〈 0.05 ）. （2）The somatization of army nurses and the nurses in private hospital were higher than contract nurses who were in the armed police hospital（ F = 11. 937 ,P 〈 0. 01 ）. The scores of the other factors, the positive item number, the total score and grand average score of army nurses and contract nurses were all lowest than private hospital （F = 4.360 ~ 19. 809 ,P 〈 0.01 ）. （3）There were positive correlation between SCL- 90 with EPQ- RSC -P and EPQ -RSC -N （r = 0. 161 ~ 0. 410, P 〈 0.05 ）, negative correlation with EPQ - RSC - E （ r = 43.118 ~ 43. 393, P 〈 0.05 ）. （4）The linear multivariate regres- sion analysis showed that the main influencing factors of nurses＇mental health were EPQ - RSC - E, EPQ - RSC - N, age and working age （ t = -2. 362,3. 675,-2. 093,2. 349 ; P 〈 0.05 ）, decision coefficient was 0. 234, explained 23.4% of the total variance. Conclusion Armed police hospital nurses mental health status is better than private hospital nurses. Extrovert, emotional stability and rich experience have contributed to mental health. It＇s prone to develop psychological problem for introversion ,emotional instability and long clinical nursing work.
出处
《中国健康心理学杂志》
2014年第5期722-725,共4页
China Journal of Health Psychology
