摘要
1786年发生在四川泸定大渡河畔的地震震级高,引起的水患波及长江中游,造成极大损失,这既有人力不可抗拒的自然因素,也与地震前汉人带来的新环境观、生计方式、建于河谷的村落、当地人的社会经济状况有密切关系。地震中汉人与当地人在伤亡人数和受水灾影响方面有较大差异,显示了汉式建筑技术、当地人的生态观念在应对地震及次生的滑坡、水灾方面,各有优势。而处于社会底层的汉人与当地人的房屋倒塌情况严重,与上层的官员、土司、头人相比,灾难损失也最大。因此,防灾减灾既要尊重自然规律,也要重视灾难中的社会、文化和人的因素。1786年地震分析还表明,在族群接触的背景下,地方知识也会在文化交流中相互借鉴、丰富和发展起来。多元生态环境、多族群的活动及地方知识与灾难的相辅相成关系,是理解西南地区不同类型灾难发生过程的又一思路,值得关注、细化和深入探讨。
In 1786, a serious earthquake stroke Luding on the Dadu River in Sichuan and caused disastrous floods with heavy losses in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, which was not only an irresistible natural disaster but also related to such factors as the concept of environment newly introduced by the Hans, the livelihood model, the villages in the river valley and the local socio-economy. There were great differences between the Han people and the native people in terms of casualties and flood-caused consequences. The Han-style architectural technology and the native ecological view of the local people had their own strong points and weak points. The houses of the Hans of the lower class and the local ordinary people suffered more damages than those of the high-ranking officials and local chieftains, Thus, the means of diaster prevention and reduction should take not only natural laws but also social and cultural factors into consideration. This case study also shows that in the context of ethnic contact, local knowledge will get enriched in the cultural interaction, in other words, multi-ecological environment, activities of different ethnic groups, local knowledge and disasters are closely related, which deserves further studies.
出处
《云南师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2014年第3期65-71,共7页
Journal of Yunnan Normal University：Humanities and Social Sciences Edition
基金
2013年国家社科基金西部项目"康巴藏区宗教信仰与社会秩序的民族志研究"(13XMZ024)
西南民族大学民俗学学科建设项目(2013XWD-S030304)
关键词
大渡河地震
灾难
族群文化
地方知识
Dadu River Earthquake
disaster
environment
ethnic culture
local knowledge
