摘要
疑问代词"怎么"除了可表示"询问方式(怎么1)"和"询问原因(怎么2)",还可表现某种特殊语用功能,即作为话语标记(怎么3)。文章首先从句法层次的可删除性、非变换性、答语然否性、弱独立性角度论述"怎么3"存在的理据。然后阐述其反预期、传疑等语用功能及语义上的未知性特征,并从读音轻重角度为"怎么3"的存在提供实验依据。文章还探讨了"怎么3"的两个来源:(1)"怎么2"移位及进一步的语法化;(2)完整小句的简省。最后从类型学角度分析了几种语言中疑问代词语法化为话语标记的共性特征。
The interrogative pronoun Zenme of Modern Chinese can not only be used to inquiry manners and reasons, but also be used as a discourse marker, which is conventionally called Zenme3. In this paper, the motivation of the existence of the Zenme3 is discussed by observing the properties of being deleted, un-transforming and poor independence, the counter-expectation, evidentiality and semantic unknown properties are investigated, and an experimental support from the perspective of pronunciation and intonation is provided. Two sources of Zenme3, i.e., displacement of Zenrne2 and further grammaticalization, and omission from complete clause are found. At last, the common grammatical characteristics of interrogative pronoun among some languages in the world from the perspective of linguistic typology are also discussed.
出处
《语言教学与研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2014年第3期45-54,共10页
Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies
基金
教育部社科规划基金(13YJA740069)
山东大学自主创新基金(2011SHYQ005)
关键词
话语标记
怎么3
语用
反预期
传疑
discourse marker
Zenrne 3
pragmatics
counter-expectation
evidentiality
