摘要
In order to provide theoretical references for early-maturing Citrus unshiu Marc. in terms of fruit thinning, timely fertilization and harvesting, as wel as for for-mulation of of Early-maturing Citrus unshiu Marc. Cultivation Technique Standards in Guizhou Province, the dynamic changes of fruit longitudinal diameter and trans-verse diameter of 11-year-old and 12-year-old early maturing Citrus unshiu Marc. were tested in two consecutive years and the effects of single-fruit bearing branch on fruit growth and development were compared. The results showed annual varia-tion of longitudinal and transverse diameter of the fruit in Guizhou grew faster at the beginning and then slowed down gradual y, maintaining a slow-growth period after October; the growth curve final y was flat in mature stage. General y, the growth and development stage of fruit showed four growth peaks, showing an in-creasing S-shape curve and fruit net increase also had four growth peaks with a double S-shape curve. Specifical y, longitudinal diameters growth alternated with transverse diameter growth and the former proved much stronger. In terms of ef-fects of single-fruit bearing branch on longitudinal and transverse diameter growth, the number of reserved fruits had direct effects on the growth, net increase of weight, time of growth peak, fluctuation and the number of growth peak. The growth and development, and quality of fruits in the treatments with two or three fruits re-served on single fruit-bearing branch proved better compared with the control with four left fruits. It suggested that early June and early July are the best time for fer-tilization of early-maturing Citrus unshiu Marc. in Guizhou Pprovince and would have better effect if combined with foliage spraying. The suitable harvest time is in the end of October. The preferred number of reserved fruit on single fruit-bearing branch is 2-3. In actual production, the implementation of flower and fruit thinning should also takes tree age, balance of tree vigor, strength of fruit bearing branch, alternate bearing phenomenon and other factors into consideration.
为了给早熟温州蜜柑(Citrus unshiu Marc.)的疏花疏果、适时施肥和果实适期采收等田间管理提供理论依据,并为贵州省制定温州蜜柑栽培技术规范提供参考,试验用2年时间测量了11年生、12年生早熟温州蜜柑品种宫川(C.unshiu cv.Miyagawa)果实的纵径、横径动态变化,比较了单枝结果母枝留果量对果实生长发育的影响。结果表明,宫川在贵州省栽培,果实的纵径、横径生长量年变化规律是开始生长较快,然后变慢,直到10月以后进入缓慢生长期,最后随果实成熟期的到来,其生长曲线趋于平缓年生长发育过程中有4次生长高峰,呈逐渐上升的"S"形曲线变化;并且果实的净增长量也有4次生长高峰,呈双"S"形曲线变化’其中纵径生长与横径生长是交替进行的,但纵径的生长势强于横径、从不同单枝结果母枝留果量处理对宫川果实纵径、横径的生长影响来看,留果量能直接影响宫川果实纵径与横径的生长量和净增长量、生长高峰出现的时间、起伏程度和生长高峰的次数,单枝留果2个、3个的处理果实生长发育情况、果实外观质量优于单枝结果母枝留果4个的对照。此建议,贵州省在6月上旬和7月上旬为早熟温州蜜柑壮果肥的最佳施用时期,结合根外追肥效果会更好‘采收期以10月底为宜。单枝结果母枝留果量以2～3个为首选,当然在实际生产中实施疏花疏果还要结合树龄大小、树势强弱、结果母枝多少、控制大小年结果现象等因素来确定合适的留果量。
