摘要
利用SPOT-5影像、1:1万地形图、退耕还林和森林工程图、社会经济统计等数据,分析了重庆市石柱县耕地边际化的特征和发生原因。结果发现:①10年间研究区耕地边际化率16.18%,主要分布于七曜山的北部高山区和南部中山区,而且伴随农村劳动力的非农化和留守劳动力的老龄化,边际化在很大程度上还会加剧。②海拔、地块相对村庄的分布半径和道路连接度对耕地边际化的发生影响较大。边际化率随海拔升高而增加,特别是≥1000 m集中边际化的60.88%,在坡度和地块相对村庄的分布半径上也有类似规律。③劳均耕地面积和务农劳均年龄是影响耕地边际化的主要因素,耕地流转和微型农机台数是从适度规模经营、提高劳动生产率上影响耕地边际化。④"比较劣势主导边际化"分布最广,占总边际化的55.32%,其次是"区位主导边际化",占33.80%。⑤"地形主导边际化"实施类似退耕还林继续扩大的"顺边际化"政策,"区位主导边际化"从合理安排新居点、完善农村道路体系上实施"反边际化","比较劣势主导边际化"从提高适度规模经营、微型机械化程度上开展"反边际化"。
Based on data sources （e.g., SPOT-5 images, 1：1 million topographic maps, distribution maps of returning farmland to forest and Chongqing forest project, social and economic statistics information, etc.） this paper identified the characteristics and influencing factors of farmland marginalization. The results indicated that： （1） During the last 10 years （2002-2012）, the rate of farmland marginalization was 16.18% in the study area. This phenomenon was mainly found in high mountainous areas of northern Qiyao mountain and middle mountain areas of southem Qiyao mountain. Moreover, farmland marginalization, to a great extent, will increase, associated with non-agriculturalization of rural labors and aging of remaining labors. （2） Elevation, relative distribution radius from village and road connection degree had a greater influence on farmland marginalization in the study area. Farmland marginalization rate showed an increasing trend with the increase of elevation, and 60.88% of the total farmland marginalization area is found at an altitude above 1000 m asl. The marginalization trend for slope and distribution radium was similar with altitude. （3） Farmland area per labor and average age of farm labor were major driving factors of farmland marginalization. Farmland transfer and small agricultural machinery sets affected the farmland marginalization in the aspects of management and productivity efficiency. （4） Farmland with ＂comparative disadvantage dominated marginalization＂ accounted for 55.32% of the total farmland marginalization area, followed by ＂location dominated marginalization＂（33.80% ）. （5） According to the specific real situation, different policies are suggested to mitigate the marginalization as follows： ＂continuous marginalization＂ policy will further exert the impact of returning farmland to forest on ＂terrain dominated marginalization＂; ＂anti-marginalization＂ policy is suggested from arranging new rural residence and improving rural road system for ＂location dominated marginalization＂; while ＂anti-marginalization＂ policy is planned from improving management and micro-mechanization point of view for ＂comparative disadvantage dominated marginalization＂. A new idea was promoted by integrating high resolution remote sensing and statistical data as well as survey information to identify land marginalization and driving forces in mountainous areas, and hence solved the scale problem on patches and villages.
出处
《地理学报》
EI
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第2期227-242,共16页
Acta Geographica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金重大国际合作项目(41161140352)
水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2012ZX07104-003)~~
关键词
耕地边际化
特征
动因
政策含义
山区
famaland marginalization
characteristics
influencing factors
policy implications
mountainous areas
