摘要
利用农村固定观察点数据、《全国农产品成本收益资料汇编》、全国农业统计数据等,对近年来我国普通劳动者工资的变化特征及其对我国农地利用的影响进行了分析。结果表明:近年来我国普通劳动者工资的增长速度和幅度明显要快于农产品和农业生产资料价格的增长速度。我国东部发达地区的部分省份,其复种指数已经出现了明显的下降趋势,物质和服务投入中,省工性投入比重增加,农业种植结构向蔬菜作物和茶果园转变明显。这种趋势有逐渐蔓延全国之势。从原因上分析,主要是面对非农工资的上升,农户只有提高农业劳动生产率才能达到与非农工资匹配的目标。要保证农业生产的稳定和持续,提高农业生产效益和劳动生产率是唯一途径,其具体的政策建议是:持续增加农业补贴,继续鼓励劳动力非农迁移,以扩大农业生产规模。
China is one of the most populous countries in the world.Like other developing countries,huge population and its rapid growth are intensifying food insecurity.Cropland intensification driven by the government and rural households plays a key role in food production and provision at national level.However,since the implementation of reform and opening up,more and more rural workers have shifted to non-agricultural industries.Meanwhile,the wage increase rate of the ordinary labor in China is much higher than that of the prices of farm produce and also faster that of agricultural means of production.The increasing off-farm migration and rising wage make the shares of farm income in the total family income decline even further.So farmers’ pursuance has turned from maximizing the output of land to maximizing the income of labor force with the development of market economy.The wage rise and the change of farmers’ goal have exerted a great effect on agricultural land use in some parts of China,especially in the developed provinces of eastern China,which is mainly embodied in two aspects： decreases of multi-cropping index and labor input.Meanwhile,due to the high labor productivity,the agricultural restructuring with more vegetables,tea and fruit trees has been very apparent.And the spatial-temporal expansion of this trend will continue for a long time.To ensure grain production,the national grain subsidy programme introduced in 2004 has achieved initial targets,so future work and potential development in this field should be done to encourage scale management of farmland.
出处
《地理研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第8期1391-1400,共10页
Geographical Research
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(40971062
40701046)
