摘要
目的 探讨长期冬泳对老年人体质和骨健康的影响.方法 以简单随机抽样法抽取2012年10-12月周口市冬泳协会的55~65岁的老年人（冬泳组）和社区老人协会中同年龄段的健康老年人（对照组）为研究对象.冬泳组老年人入组要求为参加冬泳锻炼3年以上且每周锻炼至少3次,共纳入61人,其中男41人、女20人,平均年龄（61.7±0.4）岁;对照组老年人入组要求为无心、脑血管等重大疾病病史,且未曾参与系统的体育锻炼,仅参加跑步、排舞等一般性的健身活动,共纳入53人,其中男32人、女21人,平均年龄（61.3±0.3）岁.采用国民体质监测指定的北京东红技术开发中心生产的仪器,并完全参照〈国民体质测定标准〉规定的项目和标准对两组老年人的身高、体质量、腰臀围、安静脉搏、血压、肺活量、握力、坐位体前屈程度、闭眼单脚站立时间、选择反应时等指标进行测定;采用日本产MODULAR全自动生化分析仪及原装试剂测定两组老年人的晨起空腹血清钙、磷、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）;采用美国Thermo公司生产的S200型酶标仪,并采用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA） 测定骨钙素（BGP）、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶5b（TRACP-5b）水平.结果 （1）冬泳组男性的身高、体质量、腰围、臀围均大于对照组（P＜0.05）,而冬泳组女性的各项身体形态指标与对照组间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.（2）冬泳组男性的舒张压和收缩压较对照组均有降低,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;而冬泳组女性收缩压低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,但舒张压与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.从肺活量指标的比较来看,冬泳组男性和女性的肺活量也均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）（3）冬泳组男性和女性与对照组的握力间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;冬泳组男性和女性的坐位体前屈程度、闭眼单脚站立时间均高于对照组,且选择反应时短于对照组（P＜0.05）.（4）冬泳组血清磷水平与对照组间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;冬泳组血清钙、ALP、BGP水平高于对照组,而TRACP-5b的水平低于对照组（P＜0.05）.结论 冬泳能够有效改善老年人的体质,特别是对老年人的心肺功能、柔韧性、平衡能力和反应能力的提高具有显著效果,并能有效改善老年人的骨代谢能力、提高骨健康水平,长期冬泳对提高老年人的整体健康水平和生活质量具有重要的现实意义.
Objective To investigate the effects of long -term winter swimming on body constitution and bone health of elderly. Methods Height, body mass （ BM）, waist and hip circumference, quiet pulse, blood pressure （ BP）, vital ca- pacity （VC）, grip strength （GS）, sit and reach degree, eye- closed and single -legged standing time, choice, reaction time and other indicators were measured, according to National Physique Determination Standards, in 61 elderly people aged 55 - 65 years, 41 males, 20 females, mean （61.7 ±0. 4） years old, who had winter swimming over 3 years and at least 3 times in a week （A group）, and 53 elderly without cardiovascular or cerebrovascular diseases, 32 males, 21 females, averagely aged （61.3 ±0. 3） years, who took part in general physical fitness activities such as running, dancing （B group）. Morning fasting serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase （ALP） were determined with MODULAR fully automatic biochemical analyzer and original reagents; the levels of bone gla protein （BGP）, tartrate -resistant acid phosphatase 5b （TRACP -5b） detected by enzyme - linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） with $200 microplate reader. Results Height, BM, WC, HC were higher in males of group A than in those of group B （ P 〈 0. 05）, but there was no difference in body shape indices between females of groups A and B （ P 〉 0.05 ）. DBP and SBP were lower in males of group A than in those of group B （ P 〈0.05 ） , and SBP low-er in females of group A than in those of group B, the difference was significant （P 〈 0.05）, but there was no difference in DBP （ P 〉 0. 05 ）. VC was higher in group A than group B, the difference was significant （ P 〈 0. 05 ） o There was no difference in GS between 2 groups （P 〉 0. 05）. Sit and reach degree was higher, eye - closed and single - legged standing time longer, choice reaction time shorter in group A than group B （ P 〈 0. 5）. No significant difference was noted in serum phosphorus be- tween 2 groups （P 〉0. 05）, levels of serum calcium, ALP, BGP higher in group A than group B, but TRACP -Sb lower （P 〈0. 5）. Conclusion Winter swimming can improve effectively older people＇s physical health, especially their cardiorespiratory function, flexibility, balance and response capabilities and increase their bone metabolism and health. Long - term winter swim- ming is of important practical significance for older people＇s overall health and quality of life.
出处
《中国全科医学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第2期166-169,172,共5页
Chinese General Practice
基金
河南省教育厅科学技术研究重点项目(12B330009)
关键词
老年人
体质
冬泳
骨代谢
Aged
Body constitution
Winter swimming
Bone metabolism
