摘要
为了提高我国抗生素产品在国际市场的核心竞争力,综述了国内外抗生素生产技术的相关研究成果,分析了各种生物技术的优劣.结果表明,发酵过程控制的优化成为抗生素发酵生产中迫切需要解决的课题;利用酶工程技术生产抗生素虽具有高效能、低消耗、无公害、长寿命、安全、自动化等优点,但将新的生物工程技术全部应用到酶工程上来使之能源源不断地生产出适合人类需要的酶来还需时日;原生质体融合技术和基因工程技术在实验条件下产生了新的抗生素,但在生产中还需解决工程菌的质量和抗生素的基因表达等问题;代谢工程的实质就是基因工程,只是涉及的基因改变的量远比基因工程巨大;以生物整体为研究对象的系统生物学技术、组学技术和重塑生命体的合成生物学技术将为抗生素的生产带来革故鼎新的变化,但也面临很多诸如系统复杂性难以处理、很多元件不相容和线路系统难以预料等技术挑战和合成生命等伦理挑战.
To improve core competitiveness of our antibiotic products in the international market,the relevant research results about production technologies of antibiotics,both at home and abroad,were reviewed in this paper; and the advantages and disadvantages of various biological technologies also were analyzed.The results show that the optimization of fermentation process control has become an urgent issue in the process of antibiotic fermentation.Although enzyme engineering technology has many advantages,such as high efficiency,low energy consumption,pollution-free,long life,safety,automation in the production of antibiotics,it still needs much time to apply these new biological engineering technologies to the enzyme engineering to continuously produce the enzyme that human needed.A new antibiotic has been produced under the experimental conditions via the protoplast fusion and gene engineering technology,however,engineering bacteria quality,antibiotic gene expression etc.remain problems yet to be solved.The essence of metabolic engineering is the gene engineering,but the volume of gene change involved in metabolic engineering is much greater than that in genetic engineering.Systematic biology technology,which takes the research biont as a whole,along with the study of proteomic technologies and reshape life synthetic biology technology,will bring groundbreaking innovation for antibiotic production.Nevertheless,there awaits not only many technological challenges such as system complexity,components compatibility and line system unpredictability,but also the ethical challenge of synthetic life.
出处
《武汉工程大学学报》
CAS
2014年第1期14-21,21+19-20,共8页
Journal of Wuhan Institute of Technology
关键词
抗生素
现代生物技术
应用
antibiotics
modern biotechnology
application
