摘要
以下辽河平原浅层地下水为研究对象,将自然灾害风险理论引入地下水环境风险评价,从脆弱性、功能性、胁迫性、适应性4个方面选取指标,构建地下水环境风险评价指标体系和模型。运用GIS空间分析方法对地下水环境风险进行评价,并对风险值进行空间关联特征研究。结果表明:①研究区内地下水环境中度以上风险区占整个研究区面积的63.12%,其中高风险区占6.79%,较高风险区占18.96%,中等风险区占37.37%;较低风险区占21.98%,低风险区占14.90%。②地下水环境风险最高的地区主要位于下辽河平原中部的新民市东北部、灯塔市、辽中县西部、黑山县部分地区及凌海市东南部。③研究区内地下水环境风险呈现较高的正相关性,相似性高的区域主要分布在中东和中西部风险高值区,以及东北和东南部风险低值区。研究成果丰富了地下水环境风险理论,对下辽河平原地下水环境保护实践具有一定的理论和实践意义。
As the economies are in the fast development, disasters occur more frequently. Evaluation, monitor- ing, and early warning of disaster risks are an important way to reduce the losses caused by the disasters. So it is one of the key topics in the current disaster research. As a major source of water in northern China, groundwater provides resource and ecological and geo-environmental functions. However, groundwater systems in northern China are being threatened by high population density, rapid urbanization and industrialization. Generally speak- ing, groundwater has been damaged to different degrees, which resulted in the decrease or complete loss of the functions of groundwater systems. So the research of groundwater environmental risk has great practical signifi- cance. In this article, the lower reach of Liaohe River Plain was chosen as a study area, and the shallow ground- water system was taken as a research object. The study area contains a large Quaternary groundwater system with characteristics typical of northern China. Social-economic and water environmental data of the Liaohe Riv- er Plain in 2012 were used in the study. Although many studies on groundwater have been conducted, few theo- ries of groundwater environmental risk and methods of protection were developed at the groundwater system scale. Drawing lessons from modem hazard and environmental risk theories and methods, based on the defini- tions of groundwater environmental risks, we built an evaluation index system and an evaluation model for groundwater environmental risks from the aspects such as vulnerability, functionality, stress and adaptability. Us- ing GIS spatial analysis method to evaluate the groundwater environmental risks in this region, we carried out spatial auto-correlation analysis. The results show that： 63.12% of the whole groundwater environment is facing a mid-level risk. In detail, the areas with extreme high risk accounts for 6.79%, the areas with high risk 18.96%, the areas with moderate risk 37.37%, the area s with light risk 21.98%, and the areas with slight risk 14.90%. Most high risk areas are mainly in the northeast of Xinmin City, Dengta City, west of Liaozhong County, parts of Heishan County and southeast of Linghai City. The risk of the study area shows a relatively high degree of positive correlation. The high correlation areas are mainly distributed in mid-east and mid-west of the high-risk areas and the northeast and southeast of low-risk areas. Uncertainty evaluation is an important part of the envi- ronmental risk analysis. But due to limited data, we didn＇t consider the indexes of randomness and fuzziness, which to a certain extent affects the scientific nature and reliability of the evaluation results. With constant im- provement on the information sources, more studies will be done to include uncertainty index of groundwater en- vironmental risk evaluation. The specific purpose of this study is to investigate measures to protect the three functions of the groundwater systems based on groundwater system risk evaluation. This study is of great signifi- cance to the enrichment of groundwater environmental risk theories and methods, and it also helps with making scientific decisions for the protection of the groundwater system of the lower reach of Liao River Plain and similar areas.
出处
《地理科学进展》
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第2期270-279,共10页
Progress in Geography
基金
教育部博士点基金项目(20122136110003)
国家自然科学基金项目(40501013)
关键词
浅层地下水
环境风险
空间自相关分析
下辽河平原
shallow groundwater
environmental risk
spatial auto-correlation
lower reach of Liaohe River Plain
