摘要
自闭症是一种神经发展障碍,主要表现为社会互动障碍,语言交流困难以及刻板行为等症状。已有研究表明,在音乐方面,自闭症者不仅表现出较强的音乐音高知觉能力,而且在音乐表演方面也体现出某些优势。然而,在言语方面,自闭症者除了在言语音高轮廓分辨任务表现较好外,对言语语调的知觉能力明显比正常人更差,同时,他们对言语语调的产生也存在障碍。本研究不仅可以推进音乐和言语对比研究,而且也能为自闭症者言语康复提供借鉴。
Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder pertaining to social interaction, speech communication, and stereotyped behaviors. The prevalence rate of autism in China is 2.38/10,000. Many Chinese autisties miss the best intervention period due to the limited re search and treatments. Parents of autistic children are therefore under great mental and social pressure. It has been shown that autistics have superior pitch perception of music. More specifically, autistics perform better in labeling pitch, discriminating pitch difference, and judging pitch direction, as compared to the controls. However, individuals with Asperger syndrome show better performance in identifying the tones embedded in chords and discords, although they do not do better in pitch dis crimination as compared with the typically developing children. With regard to pitch contour processing, there are two different theories ： weak central coherence and enhanced perceptual functioning. The weak central coherence theory suggests that the central coherence tendency of autism is weakened, and autistics have diffieuhyintegrating many elements into a whole, thus showing impairment in global processing and local processing preference when they discriminate melodic contour. The enhanced perceptual functioning theorypostu lates that autistics perform better in local processing of pitch contour, and they have show normal in global processing. However, few empirical studies fully support the WCC theory or the EPF theory. That is, whether there are any advantages of the local processing or impairments of the global processing in autism still remains uncertain. However, it has been proved that antistics have normal or even better perception of pitch contour in general. Autistics show poor perception of speech intonation, although they exhibit better ability to match pitch contour and visual analogy to the graph in speech. We argue that this may be due to the enhanced speech perception of subtle feature in autism. When autistics focus on the subtle features, they may ignore others, even some key points. This may interfere to other aspects of perceptual processing in au tism. Moreover, high sensitivity to the subtle changes made autisties judge the same stimuli as different. Although autistics are able to match speech contour and visual analogy to the graph, they have difficulty identifying ＂question vs. statement＂ , and have a tendency to judge questions as statements. Little research focuses on the production of both music and speech in autism. It has been reported that antistics sing and perform as well as the controls. However, they perform worse than the controls in speech production. In addition, antistics show impaired speech imitation. In conclusion, with regard to pitch processing of music and speech in autism, many issues still remain unclear. For example, future research should pay attention to the different subjects in the subgroups of autisties and increase the sample size. Moreover, wheth er the advantage of music perception in autism would affect musically elicited emotion and comprehension of music on the part of antis tics remains to be further explored.
出处
《心理科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第1期217-224,共8页
Journal of Psychological Science
关键词
自闭症谱系障碍
音高
音乐和言语
知觉
产生
autistic - spectrum disorder, pitch, music and speech, perception, production
